Category: mobile

Developing native iOS online check-in App & integrating with API using Python

Posted on by SatyakiDe in api, Azure, beeware, briefcase, call, cloud, code, combining, Crossplatform, design, function, gui, integration, json, meshapi, mobile, Python, snippet, toga

Hi Guys!

Today, I’ll be referring to two of my old posts & enhance one of them to create a basic online check-in app by integrating with Python. The best thing is – “All the components that will be in use already built using native Python code.”

And, probably, this will be the perfect tribute to growing Python fan-followers, who make this thing a reality.

We’ll be using the following API, which I shared in my previous post.

However, note that – to create any API environment better, one needs to use event-hub-based design & publish & consume events from there, instead of directly calling one microservice/API from another.

We need to use the following packages –

pip install briefcase

pip install requests

Apart from it you need to use JSON library as well.

The following steps are required to create this online check-in application –

STEP -1:

mkdir online_checkin

cd online_checkin

STEP -2:

python3 -m venv env

source env/bin/activate

STEP -3:

You need to install the desired packages mentioned above.

It should look something like –

Setting-up the environment

STEP -4:

Now, we have to execute the following command to initiate the project –

briefcase new

This will prompt to fill-up a set of inputs to configure the project as shown in the below screenshot –

Creation of a Mobile-App Project
Creation of Mobile-App Project – Continuation

To check whether all the settings correctly captured or not, one can issue the following command –

briefcase dev
<p value="<amp-fit-text layout="fixed-height" min-font-size="6" max-font-size="72" height="80">If all the settings are correct, then a blank canvas iOS app will launch using the native Python code, which should look -If all the settings are correct, then a blank canvas iOS app will launch using the native Python code, which should look – <p value="<amp-fit-text layout="fixed-height" min-font-size="6" max-font-size="72" height="80">
Empty iOS App launch

The above command will generate a series of directories & template python scripts.

Now, we are going to modify the app.py generated as part of the initial project creation.

  1. app.py ( This iOS app will invoke online check-in API to receive the inputs & confirm the status based on the inputs selected by the passengers. )
################################################
####                                        ####
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE                 ####
#### Written On: 24-Nov-2020                ####
#### Briefcase, Toga, json, requests needs  ####
#### to install to run this package.        ####
####                                        ####
#### Objective: This script will create a   ####
#### native I/OS App using native Python.   ####
####                                        ####
################################################

"""
Calling Azure Microservice from Native Mobile App
"""
import toga
from toga.style import Pack
from toga.style.pack import COLUMN, ROW
import requests
import json

class online_checkin(toga.App):

    def startup(self):
        """
        Construct and show the Toga application.

        Usually, you would add your application to a main content box.
        We then create a main window (with a name matching the app), and
        show the main window.
        """
        main_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=COLUMN))

        # Adding Individual Layout details
        name_label = toga.Label("Full Name", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.name_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        name_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        name_box.add(name_label)
        name_box.add(self.name_input)

        mobile_label = toga.Label("Mobile", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.mobile_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        mobile_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        mobile_box.add(mobile_label)
        mobile_box.add(self.mobile_input)

        email_label = toga.Label("Email", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.email_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        email_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        email_box.add(email_label)
        email_box.add(self.email_input)

        source_label = toga.Label("Source Airport", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.source_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        source_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        source_box.add(source_label)
        source_box.add(self.source_input)

        destination_label = toga.Label("Destination Airport", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.destination_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        destination_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        destination_box.add(destination_label)
        destination_box.add(self.destination_input)

        boardingclass_label = toga.Label("Boarding Class", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.boardingclass_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        boardingclass_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        boardingclass_box.add(boardingclass_label)
        boardingclass_box.add(self.boardingclass_input)

        preferredSeatNo_label = toga.Label("Preferred Seat", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.preferredSeatNo_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        preferredSeatNo_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        preferredSeatNo_box.add(preferredSeatNo_label)
        preferredSeatNo_box.add(self.preferredSeatNo_input)

        mealBreakfast_label = toga.Label("Breakfast Choice", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.mealBreakfast_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        mealBreakfast_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        mealBreakfast_box.add(mealBreakfast_label)
        mealBreakfast_box.add(self.mealBreakfast_input)

        mealLunch_label = toga.Label("Lunch Choice", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.mealLunch_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        mealLunch_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        mealLunch_box.add(mealLunch_label)
        mealLunch_box.add(self.mealLunch_input)

        mealDinner_label = toga.Label("Dinner Choice", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.mealDinner_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        mealDinner_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        mealDinner_box.add(mealDinner_label)
        mealDinner_box.add(self.mealDinner_input)

        passPort_label = toga.Label("Passport Details", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.passPort_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        passPort_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        passPort_box.add(passPort_label)
        passPort_box.add(self.passPort_input)

        localAddress_label = toga.Label("Local Address", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.localAddress_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        localAddress_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        localAddress_box.add(localAddress_label)
        localAddress_box.add(self.localAddress_input)

        bookingNo_label = toga.Label("Confirmed Booking No", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.bookingNo_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        bookingNo_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        bookingNo_box.add(bookingNo_label)
        bookingNo_box.add(self.bookingNo_input)

        # End Of Layout details

        boardingStatus_box_label = toga.Label("Boarding Status", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.boardingStatus_box_input = toga.MultilineTextInput(readonly=True, style=Pack(flex=1))
        boardingStatus_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        boardingStatus_box.add(boardingStatus_box_label)
        boardingStatus_box.add(self.boardingStatus_box_input)

        button = toga.Button("On-Board Now", on_press=self.onBoarding, style=Pack(padding=5))

        # Adding all the visual layout in the main frame

        main_box.add(name_box)
        main_box.add(mobile_box)
        main_box.add(email_box)
        main_box.add(source_box)
        main_box.add(destination_box)
        main_box.add(boardingclass_box)
        main_box.add(preferredSeatNo_box)
        main_box.add(mealBreakfast_box)
        main_box.add(mealLunch_box)
        main_box.add(mealDinner_box)
        main_box.add(passPort_box)
        main_box.add(localAddress_box)
        main_box.add(bookingNo_box)
        main_box.add(button)
        main_box.add(boardingStatus_box)

        # End Of Main Frame

        self.main_window = toga.MainWindow(title=self.formal_name)
        self.main_window.content = main_box
        self.main_window.show()

    def onBoarding(self, widget):

        BASE_URL = "https://xxxxxxxxxx.yyyyyyyy.net/api/getOnBoarding"
        openmapapi_cache = "no-cache"
        openmapapi_con = "keep-alive"
        type = "application/json"

        querystring = { "sourceLeg":  self.source_input.value, "destinationLeg":  self.destination_input.value,
                        "boardingClass":  self.boardingclass_input.value, "preferredSeatNo":  self.preferredSeatNo_input.value,
                        "travelPassport":  self.passPort_input.value , "bookingNo":  self.bookingNo_input.value,
                        "travelerEmail":  self.email_input.value, "travelerMobile": self.mobile_input.value,
                        "mealBreakFast":  self.mealBreakfast_input.value , "mealLunch":  self.mealLunch_input.value,
                        "mealDinner":  self.mealDinner_input.value, "localAddress":  self.localAddress_input.value }

        payload = json.dumps(querystring)

        print('Input Payload: ')
        print(payload)

        headers = {
            'content-type': type,
            'Cache-Control': openmapapi_cache,
            'Connection': openmapapi_con
        }

        response = requests.request("POST", BASE_URL, headers=headers, data=payload)
        ResJson = response.text

        #jdata = json.dumps(ResJson)
        resp = json.loads(ResJson)

        print('Response JSON:')
        print(resp)

        details = resp["description"].strip()
        status = str(resp["status"]).strip()
        sourceAirport = str(resp["sourceLeg"]).strip()
        destinationAirport = str(resp["destinationLeg"]).strip()
        boardingClass = str(resp["boardingClass"]).strip()
        confirmedSeat = str(resp["confirmedSeatNo"]).strip()

        try:
            self.boardingStatus_box_input.value = f'Please find the update on your itenary -> Source - {sourceAirport} to Destination - {destinationAirport} - ' \
                                                  f'Boarding Class - {boardingClass} - Confirmed Seat - {confirmedSeat} and ' \
                                                  f'the summary is as follows  - {details} - Status - {status}'
        except ValueError:
            self.boardingStatus_box_input.value = "Some technical issue occured. We are working on it."

def main():
    return online_checkin()

Let us explore the key snippet –

        name_label = toga.Label("Full Name", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.name_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

        name_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        name_box.add(name_label)
        name_box.add(self.name_input)

From the above snippet, the program is building the input textbox on the iOS frame for the user input. This is more of a designing point of view. Other languages have sophisticated UI, which can generate similar kind of codes in the background. Unfortunately, Python still needs to grow in that aspect. However, if you think about the journey – it has progressed a lot.

        # Adding all the visual layout in the main frame

        main_box.add(name_box)

The above line finally stitches the widgets into the visual panel of the iOS app.

boardingStatus_box_label = toga.Label("Boarding Status", style=Pack(padding=(0, 5)))
        self.boardingStatus_box_input = toga.MultilineTextInput(readonly=True, style=Pack(flex=1))
        boardingStatus_box = toga.Box(style=Pack(direction=ROW, padding=5))
        boardingStatus_box.add(boardingStatus_box_label)
        boardingStatus_box.add(self.boardingStatus_box_input)

        button = toga.Button("On-Board Now", on_press=self.onBoarding, style=Pack(padding=5))

The above code first designs the button on the app & then it is tied with the “onBoarding” methods, which will invoke the API that we’ve already developed.

    def onBoarding(self, widget):

        BASE_URL = "https://xxxxxxxxxx.yyyyyyyy.net/api/getOnBoarding"
        openmapapi_cache = "no-cache"
        openmapapi_con = "keep-alive"
        type = "application/json"

        querystring = { "sourceLeg":  self.source_input.value, "destinationLeg":  self.destination_input.value,
                        "boardingClass":  self.boardingclass_input.value, "preferredSeatNo":  self.preferredSeatNo_input.value,
                        "travelPassport":  self.passPort_input.value , "bookingNo":  self.bookingNo_input.value,
                        "travelerEmail":  self.email_input.value, "travelerMobile": self.mobile_input.value,
                        "mealBreakFast":  self.mealBreakfast_input.value , "mealLunch":  self.mealLunch_input.value,
                        "mealDinner":  self.mealDinner_input.value, "localAddress":  self.localAddress_input.value }

        payload = json.dumps(querystring)

The above few lines framing an input JSON for our API & then invoke it & finally receive & parse the JSON to display the appropriate message on the iOS app.

The following image will show you the directory structure & also how the code should look. This will help you to map & understand the overall project.

Project Details

Let’s test our API –

Testing API through Postman

Now, we’re ready to test our iOS app.

You need to run the application locally as shown in the below image –

Running local iOS app using Native Python

As you can see that it is successfully able to fetch the API response & then parse it & populate the Boarding Status box marked in “Blue“.

Let us create the package for distribution by using the following command –

briefcase create

This will prompt a series of standard execution as shown below –

Building the package

Finally, you need to execute the following command to build the app –

briefcase build
Building the executed platform on the target OS

To find out whether your application ran successfully or not, one can use the following command –

briefcase run

This time it will run the application from this package & not from you local.

Now, the following commands help you to create & upload the package to iOS App Store.

briefcase create iOS

briefcase build iOS

You can refer the following official-site fore more information on creating the iOS package using briefcase.

Also, I find this is extremely useful for troubleshooting any issues here in this link.

So, finally, we have done it.

You will get the entire codebase from the following Github link.

I’ll bring some more exciting topic in the coming days from the Python verse.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 😀

Note: All the data & scenario posted here are representational data & scenarios & available over the internet & for educational purpose only.

Managing mesh-APIs a few best practices including circuit-breaker & more.

Posted on by SatyakiDe in api, Azure, circuitbreaker, cloud, Crossplatform, design, function, integration, json, meshapi, mobile, Pandas, Python, return

Hi Guys!

Today, We will be discussing some of the better use-cases where we want to implement better solutions, which helps our entire Microservice/API integration painless.

As we drive towards more & more real-time applications such as mobile apps, IoT, and bots, we are engaging more microservice/API components in our technology stack. Moreover, We have witnessed that on many occasions, a full grown microservice environment leads to many unforeseen scenarios, which was not predicted or captured correctly.

To understand how a mesh-API architecture looks like, let us take one sample example for our case. Furthermore, what kind of problem we might face & how we can address.

Let us consider Airline online check-in as an example here.

There are following components are taking place irrespective of any airline ->

  • Filling-up primary information such as First Name, Last Name, Address, Contact details, Passport & Booking No.
  • We will have to choose a seat.
  • We will need to provide the input for a meal (However, this is optional as the domestic flight may or may not have this based on the distance & budget)
  • Finally, generations of Boarding-Pass.

If we decoupled our application here, we could create four inter-connected microservices to cater to our requirements. And this is shown in the given diagram –

Normal Microservice operations

From the above diagram, we can see that customer invokes a couple of related but independent services to finish the process of generating a Boarding-Pass. As per the diagram, initial requests reach the main Onboarding API & that results in cascading service calls & their successful response. In a developer’s term, this one we call it a “Happy Scenario!”

Nevertheless, developers do not always get this kind of rosy scenario. Sometimes, we encountered a scenario like this –

Cascading failure in microservice framework

Suppose we see an issue with our Boarding-pass generation service, which may encounter some network or any fatal issue, which leads to a chain of failure to its parent services. Moreover, the result will be disastrous.

How can we handle such scenarios? There are a few guidelines that we can explore.

  1. Time-Out trigger while calling any service/s
  2. Building Asynchronous service
  3. Implementation of Circuit-Breaker

We can also use the standard workflow management or custom build workflow manager to improve that further (We will discuss this later in this blog).

We understood that our parent service should not wait for a longer time, where there is a significant delay from the child service. Otherwise, it will have a cascading effect & bring down the entire array of services and it.

However, the use of Circuit-Breaker is an advanced & better way to handle such scenarios. To keep this post small, We are not going to share all the codebase here. We will examine mainly two base codes.

Please find the current directory structure –

Current directory structure

Let us consider implementing without the Circuit-Breaker. We have created the following functions & a custom Python library deployed for this demo. However, We will not discuss anything in this library today. We will release it in PyPi & share the post the update & detail functionality here later. This library is a Python-based lightweight workflow manager, which will continuously monitor any failed service & when connected – it will trigger it when connected.

Use of Python-based Workflow Manager

From the above diagram, we can see that if we force “time-out” while calling our services, we can use this lightweight framework later whenever that service wake-up or establish a connection.

Please find the WhatsApp delivery through our microservice framework using this lightweight workflow framework.

Sending WhatsApp message using Python-based Workflow Manager

We have used Visual studio code editor for this entire development of azure functions. And, the screen should look something like this –

Development Editor

We’ll discuss one the following two services –

  1. getSeatSelection
  2. getBoardingPass

We will also discuss the first script twice – one is with the standard time-out approach & another with the circuit-breaker.

  1. getSeatSelection ( This Microservice receives the inputs from its parent microservice & confirm the preferred seat-no selected by the passengers. )
##############################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE               ####
#### Written On: 05-Oct-2020              ####
#### Modified On 05-Oct-2020              ####
####                                      ####
#### Objective: Scripts to choose the     ####
#### seat for the passenger.              ####
##############################################

import logging
import json
import time
import os
import ssl
import requests

import azure.functions as func

def callService(inputJson, urlPost, retryNo, eventFlag, maxRetryNo, maxTimeOut):
    # Invoking getBoardingPass API
    try:
        # Bypassing SSL Authentication
        try:
            _create_unverified_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
        except AttributeError:
            # Legacy python that doesn't verify HTTPS certificates by default
            pass
        else:
            # Handle target enviornment that doesn't support HTTPS verification
            ssl._create_default_https_context = _create_unverified_https_context

        # Providing the url bearer token
        url = urlPost

        json_data = inputJson
        headers = {'content-type': "application/json", 'cache-control': "no-cache"}

        # Failed case retry
        retries = retryNo
        success = False

        return_description = 'N/A'
        statusVal = 'Failed'

        try:
            while not success:
                try:
                    # Getting response from web service
                    try:
                        strCheckMsg = 'Sending Payload - ' + str(retries)
                        logging.info(strCheckMsg)
                        
                        response = requests.request("POST", url, data=json_data, headers=headers, verify=False, timeout=maxTimeOut)

                        resp_dict = json.loads(response.text)

                        statusVal = resp_dict['status']
                        return_description = resp_dict['description']

                        logging.info(statusVal)

                    except Exception as e:
                        x = str(e)
                        logging.info(x)
                        success = False

                    if (eventFlag == 'Boarding-Pass'):
                        str_R = "Boarding-Pass Json Response:: " + str(response.text)
                    else:
                        str_R = "Invalid flag options "
                    
                    logging.info((str_R))

                    if len(response.text) > 80:
                        if str(response.status_code)[:1] == '2':
                            success = True
                        else:
                            wait = retries * 2
                            str_R1 = "retries Fail! Waiting " + str(wait) + " seconds and retrying!"
                            logging.info(str_R1)
                            time.sleep(wait)
                            retries += 1

                        # Checking maximum retries
                        if retries >= maxRetryNo:
                            success = True
                            raise  Exception
                    else:
                        if str(response.status_code)[:1] == '2':
                            success = True
                        else:
                            # Checking maximum entries
                            if retries >= maxRetryNo:
                                success = True
                                raise  Exception

                            retries += 1
                except:
                    strVal = 'Retrying - ' + str(retries)
                    logging.info(strVal)
                    # Checking maximum entries
                    if retries >= maxRetryNo:
                        success = True
                        raise  Exception

                    retries += 1

            selection_flag = 'Y'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":statusVal,
                "description":return_description,
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval

        except (ConnectionError, TimeoutError, InterruptedError) as e:
            str_R8 = "Response from Server: " + str(response)
            logging.info(str_R8)

            str_R9 = "Sending payload to Webservice!"
            logging.info(str_R9)
            selection_flag = 'N'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":"Lost",
                "description":"Timed-Out or Connection Error or any I/O issue preventing the process. We're working on this!",
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval

        except ValueError as e:
            x = str(e)
            logging.info(x)

            selection_flag = 'N'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":"Failed",
                "description":"Please check the internal parameters compatibility with it's data-type!",
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval

        except Exception as e:
            x = str(e)
            logging.info(x)

            selection_flag = 'N'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":"Accepted",
                "description":"Maximum rerties to the Boarding-Pass service is now reached. We're working offline to get that for you. Please rerty after 4 hours in case if you haven't received it or you can directly call customer care number!",
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval


    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        logging.info(x)

        selection_flag = 'N'

        # Forming return JSON
        jsonRet = {
            "eventFlag": eventFlag,
            "status":"Failed",
            "description":"DevOps Engineer is looking into this. Please try after some time!",
            "computeFlag":selection_flag
        }

        xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

        return xval

def main(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
    logging.info('Invoking Seat-Selection generation service.')

    # Getting System Variable from local settings file
    strVal = 'Parameter Recieved :' + os.environ['maxRetry']
    
    logging.info(strVal)

    # Capturing parameters from local settings
    max_retries = int(os.environ['maxRetry'])
    c_url = os.environ['cUrlBP']

    # Printing input Payload
    str_val = 'Input Payload:: ' + str(req.get_json())
    logging.info(str_val)

    strMainCheck = str(req.get_json())

    # variable
    x_status = 'Success'

    if (strMainCheck != ''):

        # Capturing individual elements

        sourceLeg = req.params.get('sourceLeg')
        destinationLeg = req.params.get('destinationLeg')
        boardingClass = req.params.get('boardingClass')
        preferredSeatNo = req.params.get('preferredSeatNo')
        travelPassport = req.params.get('travelPassport')
        bookingNo = req.params.get('bookingNo')
        travelerEmail = req.params.get('travelerEmail')
        travelerMobile = req.params.get('travelerMobile')

        # Checking Individual Elements

        if not sourceLeg:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                sourceLeg = req_body.get('sourceLeg')

        if not destinationLeg:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                destinationLeg = req_body.get('destinationLeg')

        if not boardingClass:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                boardingClass = req_body.get('boardingClass')

        if not preferredSeatNo:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                preferredSeatNo = req_body.get('preferredSeatNo')

        if not travelPassport:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                travelPassport = req_body.get('travelPassport')
        
        if not bookingNo:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                bookingNo = req_body.get('bookingNo')

        if not travelerEmail:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                travelerEmail = req_body.get('travelerEmail')

        if not travelerMobile:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                travelerMobile = req_body.get('travelerMobile')


        if (
            (sourceLeg != '') & (destinationLeg != '') & (boardingClass != '') & 
            (preferredSeatNo != '') & (travelPassport != '') & (bookingNo != '') &
            ((travelerEmail != '') | (travelerMobile != ''))
            ):

            x_description = "Seat-Selection Successfully Processed!"

            # Preparing Payload for boarding-pass
            json_str_boarding = {
                "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                "confirmedSeatNo": preferredSeatNo,
                "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                "travelerMobile": travelerMobile
                        }

            jsonBoardingInput = json.dumps(json_str_boarding)

            eventFlag = 'Boarding-Pass'
            retryNoBase = 1
            maxTimeOut = 2.5

            # Invoking getBoardingPass API
            microCallsBP = callService(jsonBoardingInput, c_url, retryNoBase, eventFlag, max_retries, maxTimeOut)
            
            # Extracting seat_selection_flag
            resp_dict = json.loads(microCallsBP)
            x_status = resp_dict['status']
            x_description = resp_dict['description']

            # Capturing description value based on the logic
            logging.info(x_description)

            # Formatting return Payload
            json_str = {
                "description": x_description,
                "status": x_status,
                "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                "confirmedSeatNo": preferredSeatNo,
                "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                "travelerMobile": travelerMobile
                        }

            xval = json.dumps(json_str)

            return func.HttpResponse(xval, status_code=200)
        else:
            json_str = {
                "description": "Missing mandatory Email or Phone Number!",
                "status": "Failed",
                "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                "confirmedSeatNo": preferredSeatNo,
                "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                "travelerMobile": travelerMobile
            }

            xval = json.dumps(json_str)
            return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)
    else:
        json_str = {
            "description": "Missing entire payload!",
            "status": "Failed",
            "sourceLeg": "N/A",
            "destinationLeg": "N/A",
            "boardingClass": "N/A",
            "confirmedSeatNo": "N/A",
            "travelPassport": "N/A",
            "bookingNo": "N/A",
            "travelerEmail": "N/A",
            "travelerMobile": "N/A"
        }

        xval = json.dumps(json_str)
        return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)

There are a few key snippets that we would like to discuss here.

# Getting response from web service
try:
    strCheckMsg = 'Sending Payload - ' + str(retries)
    logging.info(strCheckMsg)
    
    response = requests.request("POST", url, data=json_data, headers=headers, verify=False, timeout=maxTimeOut)

    resp_dict = json.loads(response.text)

    statusVal = resp_dict['status']
    return_description = resp_dict['description']

    logging.info(statusVal)

except Exception as e:
    x = str(e)
    logging.info(x)
    success = False

From the above snippet, we can see that we are using time-out based on our understanding of response time or the max SLA agreed upon for that particular service.

If we get the response, we are capturing the status as well as the description from its child service & capturing it in our log, which will look something like this –

Azure Monitor of Seat-Selection service

2. getBoardingPass ( This Microservice receives the input from its parent service & confirm the autogenerated boarding pass shared with their WhatsApp number.)

##############################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE               ####
#### Written On: 02-Oct-2020              ####
#### Modified On 04-Oct-2020              ####
####                                      ####
#### Objective: Scripts to generate the   ####
#### boarding pass for the passenger.     ####
##############################################

import logging
import json
import hashlib
import time
import os
import random

from twilio.rest import Client
from twilio.base.exceptions import TwilioRestException

import azure.functions as func


def main(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
    try:
        logging.info('Invoking Boarding-Pass generation service.')

        # Getting System Variable from local settings file
        strVal = 'Parameter Recieved :' + os.environ['timeOut']
        
        logging.info(strVal)
        sleep_time = int(os.environ['timeOut'])

        # Printing input Payload
        str_val = 'Input Payload:: ' + str(req.get_json())
        logging.info(str_val)

        strMainCheck = str(req.get_json())

        if (strMainCheck != ''):

            # Capturing individual elements

            sourceLeg = req.params.get('sourceLeg')
            destinationLeg = req.params.get('destinationLeg')
            boardingClass = req.params.get('boardingClass')
            confirmedSeatNo = req.params.get('confirmedSeatNo')
            travelPassport = req.params.get('travelPassport')
            bookingNo = req.params.get('bookingNo')
            travelerEmail = req.params.get('travelerEmail')
            travelerMobile = req.params.get('travelerMobile')

            # Checking Individual Elements

            if not sourceLeg:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    sourceLeg = req_body.get('sourceLeg')

            if not destinationLeg:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    destinationLeg = req_body.get('destinationLeg')

            if not boardingClass:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    boardingClass = req_body.get('boardingClass')

            if not confirmedSeatNo:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    confirmedSeatNo = req_body.get('confirmedSeatNo')

            if not travelPassport:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    travelPassport = req_body.get('travelPassport')
            
            if not bookingNo:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    bookingNo = req_body.get('bookingNo')

            if not travelerEmail:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    travelerEmail = req_body.get('travelerEmail')

            if not travelerMobile:
                try:
                    req_body = req.get_json()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
                else:
                    travelerMobile = req_body.get('travelerMobile')

            # Mimicking network latency or issues
            random_sleep_time = random.randint(1, sleep_time)
            time.sleep(random_sleep_time)

            child_cond_time = float(os.environ['timeOutChild'])

            # Important Details capture in log
            strRandSleepTime = 'Network Generated delay: ' + str(random_sleep_time) + ' sec'
            logging.info(strRandSleepTime)

            strThreadTimeOut = 'Orphan microservice kill time: ' + str(child_cond_time) + ' sec'
            logging.info(strThreadTimeOut)

            # Handling orphan microservice
            if (random_sleep_time > child_cond_time):
                strCondChk = 'Rasing exception to avoid orphan microservice call!'
                logging.info(strCondChk)
                raise Exception

            if (
                (sourceLeg != '') & (destinationLeg != '') & (boardingClass != '') & 
                (confirmedSeatNo != '') & (travelPassport != '') & (bookingNo != '') &
                ((travelerEmail != '') | (travelerMobile != ''))
                ):

                # Generating simulated barcode
                # Concatenating Key Values
                strImpVal = str(sourceLeg)+str(destinationLeg)+str(boardingClass)+str(confirmedSeatNo)+str(travelPassport)+str(bookingNo)+str(travelerEmail)+str(travelerMobile)

                # Printing Concatenated Value
                logging.info(strImpVal)

                # m.update(strImpVal)
                xbarcode = hashlib.md5(strImpVal.encode("utf").strip()).hexdigest().upper()

                # Formatting return Payload
                json_str = {
                    "description": "Boarding-Pass Successfully Generated!",
                    "status": "Success",
                    "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                    "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                    "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                    "confirmedSeatNo": confirmedSeatNo,
                    "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                    "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                    "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                    "travelerMobile": travelerMobile,
                    "barCode": xbarcode
                            }

                xval = json.dumps(json_str)

                # Calling Twilio API to send WhatsApp Message
                try:
                    strComAPI = 'Calling WhatsApp API'
                    logging.info(strComAPI)

                    account_sid = str(os.environ['accountSid']) 
                    auth_token = os.environ['authToken'] 
                    mobPr = os.environ['mobPredicate']

                    fromMob = mobPr + os.environ['fromMobile'] 
                    toMob = mobPr + travelerMobile

                    client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

                    msgBody = 'Your Boarding-Pass from ' + sourceLeg + ' to ' + destinationLeg + ' are as follows --> Boarding Class (' + boardingClass + ') - ' + 'Seat (' + confirmedSeatNo + ') - Gate (A' + str(random_sleep_time) + ') - ' + 'Bar Code (' +  xbarcode + ')'

                    message = client.messages.create(from_=fromMob, body=msgBody, to=toMob)

                    msgStat = message.status

                    if (msgStat.upper() == 'QUEUED') | (msgStat.upper() == 'DELIEVERD') | (msgStat.upper() == 'SUCCESS'):
                        return func.HttpResponse(xval, status_code=200)
                    else:
                        # Formatting return Payload
                        json_str = {
                            "description": "Encountered some technical issue. Don't worry - we're working on it!",
                            "status": "Accepted",
                            "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                            "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                            "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                            "confirmedSeatNo": confirmedSeatNo,
                            "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                            "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                            "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                            "travelerMobile": travelerMobile,
                            "barCode": xbarcode
                                    }

                        xval = json.dumps(json_str)

                        return func.HttpResponse(xval, status_code=200)

                except TwilioRestException as e:
                    x = str(e)
                    logging.info(x)

                    # Formatting return Payload
                    json_str = {
                        "description": "Encountered some technical issue. Don't worry - we're working on it!",
                        "status": "Delivery Failed!",
                        "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                        "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                        "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                        "confirmedSeatNo": confirmedSeatNo,
                        "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                        "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                        "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                        "travelerMobile": travelerMobile,
                        "barCode": xbarcode
                                }

                    xval = json.dumps(json_str)

                    return func.HttpResponse(xval, status_code=200)
                
            else:
                xbarcode = 'Not Generated!'
                json_str = {
                    "description": "Missing mandatory Email or Phone Number!",
                    "status": "Failed",
                    "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                    "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                    "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                    "confirmedSeatNo": confirmedSeatNo,
                    "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                    "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                    "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                    "travelerMobile": travelerMobile,
                    "barCode": xbarcode
                }

                xval = json.dumps(json_str)
                return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)
        else:
            xbarcode = 'Not Generated!'
            json_str = {
                "description": "Missing entire payload!",
                "status": "Failed",
                "sourceLeg": "N/A",
                "destinationLeg": "N/A",
                "boardingClass": "N/A",
                "confirmedSeatNo": "N/A",
                "travelPassport": "N/A",
                "bookingNo": "N/A",
                "travelerEmail": "N/A",
                "travelerMobile": "N/A",
                "barCode": xbarcode
            }

            xval = json.dumps(json_str)
            return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)
    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        logging.info(x)

        x_description = 'Time-out due to network delay!'
        logging.info(x_description)

        xbarcode = 'Not Generated!'
        json_str = {
            "description": x_description,
            "status": "Failed",
            "sourceLeg": "N/A",
            "destinationLeg": "N/A",
            "boardingClass": "N/A",
            "confirmedSeatNo": "N/A",
            "travelPassport": "N/A",
            "bookingNo": "N/A",
            "travelerEmail": "N/A",
            "travelerMobile": "N/A",
            "barCode": xbarcode
        }

        xval = json.dumps(json_str)
        return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)

Let us explore some of the vital snippets –

# Mimicking network latency or issues
random_sleep_time = random.randint(1, sleep_time)
time.sleep(random_sleep_time)

child_cond_time = float(os.environ['timeOutChild'])

# Important Details capture in log
strRandSleepTime = 'Network Generated delay: ' + str(random_sleep_time) + ' sec'
logging.info(strRandSleepTime)

strThreadTimeOut = 'Orphan microservice kill time: ' + str(child_cond_time) + ' sec'
logging.info(strThreadTimeOut)

# Handling orphan microservice
if (random_sleep_time > child_cond_time):
    strCondChk = 'Rasing exception to avoid orphan microservice call!'
    logging.info(strCondChk)
    raise Exception

We tried to create a random wait time, which will produce a sudden network latency or mimicking potential network/time-out/connection issues. Also, we want to finish this thread to avoid any unwanted WhatsApp message trigger via Twilio-API.

And, when we want to test the parent Seat-Selection service through postman, it will show the following response –

Seat-Selection Microservice response

We must have noticed that since the boarding pass also captured the seat details; hence, we are addressing them together here.

For successful execution, we can see a similar message –

Seat-Selection service success status

However, if we want to handle this better, we can use “Circuit-Breaker.”

Let us understand what this is. Since our childhood, we all know that when there is an electricity fluctuation happens frequently, to prevent all the electrical appliances, we deploy this small device that will disconnect the power between our house’s primary grid with all the appliances at our home. It will prevent these devices from getting exposed.

The same concept has been implemented for Microservice architecture as well.

For Normal operation without any issue

The above diagram shows that using a circuit breaker will continue all its previous parent services in everyday activities without any issues.

Basic concept of the Circuit Breaker in Microservice

The above diagram shows that it will stop all the parent services if the child service is not responding based on the threshold count.

Circuit breaker with partially allow case

The above diagram shows that once there is a “STOP” event captured. It will wait for a few seconds before it will allow a few services to test whether the impacted service is ready to consume further requests or not. This way, it can control the threading bottleneck.

The next diagram will give us the distinct state of a “Circuit Breaker.”

States of a Circuit Breaker

The above diagram shows that using a circuit breaker will prevent all its previous parent services. It will maintain a threshold of failures & successful data points. It will allow services to invoke the impacted service either entirely, partially, or even completely block it depending on the situation.

Let us revise the code & review it together –

3. getSeatSelection ( This Microservice receives the inputs from its parent microservice & confirm the preferred seat-no selected by the passengers – using Circuit-Breaker. )

##############################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE               ####
#### Written On: 05-Oct-2020              ####
#### Modified On 05-Oct-2020              ####
####                                      ####
#### Objective: Scripts to choose the     ####
#### seat for the passenger.              ####
##############################################

import logging
import json
import time
import os
import ssl
import requests

import azure.functions as func

from circuitbreaker import CircuitBreaker

class BoardingPassCircuitBreaker(CircuitBreaker):
    FAILURE_THRESHOLD = 10
    RECOVERY_TIMEOUT = 60
    EXPECTED_EXCEPTION = TimeoutError

@BoardingPassCircuitBreaker()
def callService(inputJson, urlPost, retryNo, eventFlag, maxRetryNo, maxTimeOut):
    # Invoking getBoardingPass API
    try:
        # Bypassing SSL Authentication
        try:
            _create_unverified_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
        except AttributeError:
            # Legacy python that doesn't verify HTTPS certificates by default
            pass
        else:
            # Handle target enviornment that doesn't support HTTPS verification
            ssl._create_default_https_context = _create_unverified_https_context

        # Providing the url bearer token
        url = urlPost

        json_data = inputJson
        headers = {'content-type': "application/json", 'cache-control': "no-cache"}

        # Failed case retry
        retries = retryNo
        success = False

        return_description = 'N/A'
        statusVal = 'Failed'

        try:
            while not success:
                try:
                    # Getting response from web service
                    try:
                        strCheckMsg = 'Sending Payload - ' + str(retries)
                        logging.info(strCheckMsg)
                        
                        response = requests.request("POST", url, data=json_data, headers=headers, verify=False, timeout=maxTimeOut)

                        resp_dict = json.loads(response.text)

                        statusVal = resp_dict['status']
                        return_description = resp_dict['description']

                        logging.info(statusVal)

                    except Exception as e:
                        x = str(e)
                        logging.info(x)
                        success = False

                    if (eventFlag == 'Boarding-Pass'):
                        str_R = "Boarding-Pass Json Response:: " + str(response.text)
                    else:
                        str_R = "Invalid flag options "
                    
                    logging.info((str_R))

                    if len(response.text) > 80:
                        if str(response.status_code)[:1] == '2':
                            success = True
                        else:
                            wait = retries * 2
                            str_R1 = "retries Fail! Waiting " + str(wait) + " seconds and retrying!"
                            logging.info(str_R1)
                            time.sleep(wait)
                            retries += 1

                        # Checking maximum retries
                        if retries >= maxRetryNo:
                            success = True
                            raise  Exception
                    else:
                        if str(response.status_code)[:1] == '2':
                            success = True
                        else:
                            # Checking maximum entries
                            if retries >= maxRetryNo:
                                success = True
                                raise  Exception

                            retries += 1
                except:
                    strVal = 'Retrying - ' + str(retries)
                    logging.info(strVal)
                    # Checking maximum entries
                    if retries >= maxRetryNo:
                        success = True
                        raise  Exception

                    retries += 1

            selection_flag = 'Y'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":statusVal,
                "description":return_description,
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval

        except (ConnectionError, TimeoutError, InterruptedError) as e:
            str_R8 = "Response from Server: " + str(response)
            logging.info(str_R8)

            str_R9 = "Sending payload to Webservice!"
            logging.info(str_R9)
            selection_flag = 'N'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":"Lost",
                "description":"Timed-Out or Connection Error or any I/O issue preventing the process. We're working on this!",
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval

        except ValueError as e:
            x = str(e)
            logging.info(x)

            selection_flag = 'N'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":"Failed",
                "description":"Please check the internal parameters compatibility with it's data-type!",
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval

        except Exception as e:
            x = str(e)
            logging.info(x)

            selection_flag = 'N'

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":"Accepted",
                "description":"Maximum rerties to the Boarding-Pass service is now reached. We're working offline to get that for you. Please rerty after 4 hours in case if you haven't received it or you can directly call customer care number!",
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval


    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        logging.info(x)

        selection_flag = 'N'

        # Forming return JSON
        jsonRet = {
            "eventFlag": eventFlag,
            "status":"Failed",
            "description":"DevOps Engineer is looking into this. Please try after some time!",
            "computeFlag":selection_flag
        }

        xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

        return xval

def main(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
    logging.info('Invoking Seat-Selection generation service.')

    # Getting System Variable from local settings file
    strVal = 'Parameter Recieved :' + os.environ['maxRetry']
    
    logging.info(strVal)

    # Capturing parameters from local settings
    max_retries = int(os.environ['maxRetry'])
    c_url = os.environ['cUrlBP']

    # Printing input Payload
    str_val = 'Input Payload:: ' + str(req.get_json())
    logging.info(str_val)

    strMainCheck = str(req.get_json())

    # variable
    x_status = 'Success'

    if (strMainCheck != ''):

        # Capturing individual elements

        sourceLeg = req.params.get('sourceLeg')
        destinationLeg = req.params.get('destinationLeg')
        boardingClass = req.params.get('boardingClass')
        preferredSeatNo = req.params.get('preferredSeatNo')
        travelPassport = req.params.get('travelPassport')
        bookingNo = req.params.get('bookingNo')
        travelerEmail = req.params.get('travelerEmail')
        travelerMobile = req.params.get('travelerMobile')

        # Checking Individual Elements

        if not sourceLeg:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                sourceLeg = req_body.get('sourceLeg')

        if not destinationLeg:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                destinationLeg = req_body.get('destinationLeg')

        if not boardingClass:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                boardingClass = req_body.get('boardingClass')

        if not preferredSeatNo:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                preferredSeatNo = req_body.get('preferredSeatNo')

        if not travelPassport:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                travelPassport = req_body.get('travelPassport')
        
        if not bookingNo:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                bookingNo = req_body.get('bookingNo')

        if not travelerEmail:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                travelerEmail = req_body.get('travelerEmail')

        if not travelerMobile:
            try:
                req_body = req.get_json()
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                travelerMobile = req_body.get('travelerMobile')


        if (
            (sourceLeg != '') & (destinationLeg != '') & (boardingClass != '') & 
            (preferredSeatNo != '') & (travelPassport != '') & (bookingNo != '') &
            ((travelerEmail != '') | (travelerMobile != ''))
            ):

            x_description = "Seat-Selection Successfully Processed!"

            # Preparing Payload for boarding-pass
            json_str_boarding = {
                "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                "confirmedSeatNo": preferredSeatNo,
                "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                "travelerMobile": travelerMobile
                        }

            jsonBoardingInput = json.dumps(json_str_boarding)

            eventFlag = 'Boarding-Pass'
            retryNoBase = 1
            maxTimeOut = 2.5

            # Invoking getBoardingPass API
            microCallsBP = callService(jsonBoardingInput, c_url, retryNoBase, eventFlag, max_retries, maxTimeOut)
            
            # Extracting seat_selection_flag
            resp_dict = json.loads(microCallsBP)
            x_status = resp_dict['status']
            x_description = resp_dict['description']

            # Capturing description value based on the logic
            logging.info(x_description)

            # Formatting return Payload
            json_str = {
                "description": x_description,
                "status": x_status,
                "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                "confirmedSeatNo": preferredSeatNo,
                "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                "travelerMobile": travelerMobile
                        }

            xval = json.dumps(json_str)

            return func.HttpResponse(xval, status_code=200)
        else:
            json_str = {
                "description": "Missing mandatory Email or Phone Number!",
                "status": "Failed",
                "sourceLeg": sourceLeg,
                "destinationLeg": destinationLeg,
                "boardingClass": boardingClass,
                "confirmedSeatNo": preferredSeatNo,
                "travelPassport": travelPassport,
                "bookingNo": bookingNo,
                "travelerEmail": travelerEmail,
                "travelerMobile": travelerMobile
            }

            xval = json.dumps(json_str)
            return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)
    else:
        json_str = {
            "description": "Missing entire payload!",
            "status": "Failed",
            "sourceLeg": "N/A",
            "destinationLeg": "N/A",
            "boardingClass": "N/A",
            "confirmedSeatNo": "N/A",
            "travelPassport": "N/A",
            "bookingNo": "N/A",
            "travelerEmail": "N/A",
            "travelerMobile": "N/A"
        }

        xval = json.dumps(json_str)
        return func.HttpResponse(xval,status_code=200)

Let us review the key snippets –

from circuitbreaker import CircuitBreaker

class BoardingPassCircuitBreaker(CircuitBreaker):
    FAILURE_THRESHOLD = 10
    RECOVERY_TIMEOUT = 60
    EXPECTED_EXCEPTION = TimeoutError

@BoardingPassCircuitBreaker()
def callService(inputJson, urlPost, retryNo, eventFlag, maxRetryNo, maxTimeOut):
    # Invoking getBoardingPass API
    try:
	    <Code>

            # Forming return JSON
            jsonRet = {
                "eventFlag": eventFlag,
                "status":statusVal,
                "description":return_description,
                "computeFlag":selection_flag
            }

            xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

            return xval


    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        logging.info(x)

        selection_flag = 'N'

        # Forming return JSON
        jsonRet = {
            "eventFlag": eventFlag,
            "status":"Failed",
            "description":"DevOps Engineer is looking into this. Please try after some time!",
            "computeFlag":selection_flag
        }

        xval = json.dumps(jsonRet)

        return xval

We have put the microservice call into a function & then mark it as a circuit-breaker method. Also, we have enforced some custom settings in our main circuit-breaker class as well.

Moreover, here are some of our main API sample outputs, i.e., “getOnBoarding,” depending on the child-services’ availability.

Please click the above image gallery to see all the combinations of responses.

Finally, here is the WhatsApp message if that call successful. We have used Twilio API to exchange the text.

Boarding Pass delivery to Passenger WhatsApp No

Please find the dependent package from requirements.txt ->

azure-functions==1.4.0
certifi==2020.6.20
chardet==3.0.4
circuitbreaker==1.3.1
idna==2.10
numpy==1.19.2
pandas==1.1.2
PyJWT==1.7.1
python-dateutil==2.8.1
pytz==2020.1
requests==2.24.0
six==1.15.0
twilio==6.45.4
urllib3==1.25.10

So, finally, we have done it.

I’ll bring some more exciting topic in the coming days from the Python verse.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 😀

Note: All the data & scenario posted here are representational data & scenarios & available over the internet & for educational purpose only.

Creating a native mobile application using beeware framework using native Python

Posted on by SatyakiDe in beeware, briefcase, code, mobile, Python

Hi Guys,

Today, I’ll explain a relatively new GUI framework with which you can create native mobile applications across all the different platforms. Note that this framework is still in the preview phase on many fronts. And you also can contribute here in many ways.

Let’s jump into making a chat application using this. It is relatively easy to build.

You need to install the following framework –

pip install beeware==0.3.0.dev3

As I’ve told you that this package is in the preview stage. So, you need to wait for few more days to get this package available for production use.

However, the following diagram presented in Pycon explains that all –

8. All Umbrella

Let’s jump into our objective.

To create the project, the following are steps that need to perform –

Functions that you need to use –

briefcase new

This will lead to several options that you need to fill as shown in the next couple of slides –

1. Project_Init_Win
2. Project_Init_Win

Note that, this one I’ve created in the Windows environment. So, you need to provide all these details before creating the app.

This will create a template of code as shown below –

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"""
Chat with my friends
"""
import toga
from toga.style import Pack
from toga.style.pack import COLUMN, ROW


class SDApp(toga.App):

    def startup(self):
        """
        Construct and show the Toga application.

        Usually, you would add your application to a main content box.
        We then create a main window (with a name matching the app), and
        show the main window.
        """
        main_box = toga.Box()

        self.main_window = toga.MainWindow(title=self.formal_name)
        self.main_window.content = main_box
        self.main_window.show()


def main():
    return SDApp()

And, you can run this template to see the default template output by using the following command –

briefcase dev

3. Run_Basic_In_Windows

Now, I want to take this & add some lines of codes to create a chat-based application in MAC & see how it behaves.

But, before that, the directory structure will look like this –

9. Dir_Structure

As you can see, SDChat is my application name. And, based on that, the following directories.

And, inside the final SDChat directory, the following files are created –

__init__.py

__main__.py

app.py

Let’s take this & modify it for MAC. To do that, we need to change app.py script & layout our all the essential GUI ingredients.

Note that I’m not going to discuss the custom bot that I created. Only, I’ll be referring to it.

1. app.py (This script contains all the GUI details & it will invoke the custom bot.)

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##############################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE               ####
#### Written On: 17-Feb-2020              ####
#### Modified On 17-Feb-2020              ####
####                                      ####
#### Objective: Main calling scripts.     ####
##############################################
"""
This is a Chat Application with custom made bot
"""
import toga
from toga.style import Pack
from toga.style.pack import COLUMN, ROW

# My Custom Built Bot
from SDChatbots import clsTalk2Bot as e

#-- New
class SDChat(toga.App):

    def startup(self):
        """
        Construct and show the Toga application.

        Usually, you would add your application to a main content box.
        We then create a main window (with a name matching the app), and
        show the main window.
        """

        self.chat = toga.DetailedList(data=[], style=Pack(flex=1))

        self.chat.data.append(icon = toga.Icon('resources/brutus.png'), title='SDChat', subtitle='Hi! How are you doing today?')

        self.text_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))
        #send_button = toga.Button('Send')

        send_button = toga.Button(
            'Send',
            on_press=self.greet,
            style=Pack(padding_right=5)
        )

        input_box = toga.Box(
            children=[self.text_input, send_button],
            style=Pack(direction=ROW, alignment='center', padding=5)
        )

        main_box = toga.Box(children=[self.chat, input_box], style=Pack(direction=COLUMN))
        # main_box.add(send_button)

        self.main_window = toga.MainWindow(title=self.formal_name)

        self.main_window.content = main_box
        self.main_window.show()

    def greet(self, widget):
        print('Value: ', self.text_input.value)
        input_text = self.text_input.value

        self.chat.data.append(icon=toga.Icon('resources/user.png'), title='You', subtitle = input_text)

        # Chatbot
        y = e.clsTalk2Bot()
        ret_val = y.TalkNow(input_text)

        self.chat.data.append(icon=toga.Icon('resources/brutus.png'), title='SDChat', subtitle=ret_val)

        self.text_input.value = ''
        self.chat.scroll_to_bottom()


def main():
    return SDChat()

Let’s discuss a couple of essential lines from the above snippet –

self.chat = toga.DetailedList(data=[], style=Pack(flex=1))

self.chat.data.append(icon = toga.Icon('resources/brutus.png'), title='SDChat', subtitle='Hi! How are you doing today?')

This is the main display box, where you can see all the chat details. And, also, by default, it will prompt the initial conversion starter.

self.text_input = toga.TextInput(style=Pack(flex=1))

This is the place where you will be typing your text.

send_button = toga.Button(
    'Send',
    on_press=self.greet,
    style=Pack(padding_right=5)
)

Here is the button that you are creating. As you can see, almost all the places I’ve provided the “Style,” which is key to your object alignment inside your mobile app.

main_box = toga.Box(children=[self.chat, input_box], style=Pack(direction=COLUMN))

self.main_window = toga.MainWindow(title=self.formal_name)

self.main_window.content = main_box
self.main_window.show()

Finally, you need to bind all the components & you will show the page.

Now, let’s discuss the function that I’ve created for my button –

def greet(self, widget):
    input_text = self.text_input.value

    self.chat.data.append(icon=toga.Icon('resources/user.png'), title='You', subtitle = input_text)

    # Chatbot
    y = e.clsTalk2Bot()
    ret_val = y.TalkNow(input_text)

    self.chat.data.append(icon=toga.Icon('resources/brutus.png'), title='SDChat', subtitle=ret_val)

    self.text_input.value = ''
    self.chat.scroll_to_bottom()

As you can see, here, our application will capture the user input & based on that, our program will pass the input text to our chatbot. Also, you can see once that communication & response achieved, the input box will be cleared & the control will move down to the end of the chat screen. This is required. Otherwise, the user won’t be able to view the latest communication.

10. Run_MAC

So, as you can see that, this extremely easy to create & you can enhance it as per your need.

For more information on this framework, please go through the following link ->

https://pypi.org/project/beeware/0.3.0.dev3/

https://docs.beeware.org/en/latest/

https://beeware.org/project/about/

For more details, view the main page ->

https://beeware.org/

I’ll be posting another new post in the coming days. Till then, Happy Avenging! 😀

Note: All the data posted here are representational data & available over the internet & for educational purpose only.