Enabling & Exploring Stable Defussion – Part 3

Before we dive into the details of this post, let us provide the previous two links that precede it.

Enabling & Exploring Stable Defussion – Part 1

Enabling & Exploring Stable Defussion – Part 2

For, reference, we’ll share the demo before deep dive into the actual follow-up analysis in the below section –


Now, let us continue our discussions from where we left.

class clsText2Image:
    def __init__(self, pipe, output_path, filename):

        self.pipe = pipe
        
        # More aggressive attention slicing
        self.pipe.enable_attention_slicing(slice_size=1)

        self.output_path = f"{output_path}{filename}"
        
        # Warm up the pipeline
        self._warmup()
    
    def _warmup(self):
        """Warm up the pipeline to optimize memory allocation"""
        with torch.no_grad():
            _ = self.pipe("warmup", num_inference_steps=1, height=512, width=512)
        torch.mps.empty_cache()
        gc.collect()
    
    def generate(self, prompt, num_inference_steps=12, guidance_scale=3.0):
        try:
            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            gc.collect()
            
            with torch.autocast(device_type="mps"):
                with torch.no_grad():
                    image = self.pipe(
                        prompt,
                        num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
                        guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
                        height=1024,
                        width=1024,
                    ).images[0]
            
            image.save(self.output_path)
            return 0
        except Exception as e:
            print(f'Error: {str(e)}')
            return 1
        finally:
            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            gc.collect()

    def genImage(self, prompt):
        try:

            # Initialize generator
            x = self.generate(prompt)

            if x == 0:
                print('Successfully processed first pass!')
            else:
                print('Failed complete first pass!')
                raise 

            return 0

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"\nAn unexpected error occurred: {str(e)}")

            return 1

This is the initialization method for the clsText2Image class:

  • Takes a pre-configured pipe (text-to-image pipeline), an output_path, and a filename.
  • Enables more aggressive memory optimization by setting “attention slicing.”
  • Prepares the full file path for saving generated images.
  • Calls a _warmup method to pre-load the pipeline and optimize memory allocation.

This private method warms up the pipeline:

  • Sends a dummy “warmup” request with basic parameters to allocate memory efficiently.
  • Clears any cached memory (torch.mps.empty_cache()) and performs garbage collection (gc.collect()).
  • Ensures smoother operation for future image generation tasks.

This method generates an image from a text prompt:

  • Clears memory cache and performs garbage collection before starting.
  • Uses the text-to-image pipeline (pipe) to generate an image:
    • Takes the prompt, number of inference steps, and guidance scale as input.
    • Outputs an image at 1024×1024 resolution.
  • Saves the generated image to the specified output path.
  • Returns 0 on success or 1 on failure.
  • Ensures cleanup by clearing memory and collecting garbage, even in case of errors.

This method simplifies image generation:

  • Calls the generate method with the given prompt.
  • Prints a success message if the image is generated (0 return value).
  • On failure, logs the error and raises an exception.
  • Returns 0 on success or 1 on failure.
class clsImage2Video:
    def __init__(self, pipeline):
        
        # Optimize model loading
        torch.mps.empty_cache()
        self.pipeline = pipeline

    def generate_frames(self, pipeline, init_image, prompt, duration_seconds=10):
        try:
            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            gc.collect()

            base_frames = []
            img = Image.open(init_image).convert("RGB").resize((1024, 1024))
            
            for _ in range(10):
                result = pipeline(
                    prompt=prompt,
                    image=img,
                    strength=0.45,
                    guidance_scale=7.5,
                    num_inference_steps=25
                ).images[0]

                base_frames.append(np.array(result))
                img = result
                torch.mps.empty_cache()

            frames = []
            for i in range(len(base_frames)-1):
                frame1, frame2 = base_frames[i], base_frames[i+1]
                for t in np.linspace(0, 1, int(duration_seconds*24/10)):
                    frame = (1-t)*frame1 + t*frame2
                    frames.append(frame.astype(np.uint8))
            
            return frames
        except Exception as e:
            frames = []
            print(f'Error: {str(e)}')

            return frames
        finally:
            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            gc.collect()

    # Main method
    def genVideo(self, prompt, inputImage, targetVideo, fps):
        try:
            print("Starting animation generation...")
            
            init_image_path = inputImage
            output_path = targetVideo
            fps = fps
            
            frames = self.generate_frames(
                pipeline=self.pipeline,
                init_image=init_image_path,
                prompt=prompt,
                duration_seconds=20
            )
            
            imageio.mimsave(output_path, frames, fps=30)

            print("Animation completed successfully!")

            return 0
        except Exception as e:
            x = str(e)
            print('Error: ', x)

            return 1

This initializes the clsImage2Video class:

  • Clears the GPU cache to optimize memory before loading.
  • Sets up the pipeline for generating frames, which uses an image-to-video transformation model.

This function generates frames for a video:

  • Starts by clearing GPU memory and running garbage collection.
  • Loads the init_image, resizes it to 1024×1024 pixels, and converts it to RGB format.
  • Iteratively applies the pipeline to transform the image:
    • Uses the prompt and specified parameters like strength, guidance_scale, and num_inference_steps.
    • Stores the resulting frames in a list.
  • Interpolates between consecutive frames to create smooth transitions:
    • Uses linear blending for smooth animation across a specified duration and frame rate (24 fps for 10 segments).
  • Returns the final list of generated frames or an empty list if an error occurs.
  • Always clears memory after execution.

This is the main function for creating a video from an image and text prompt:

  • Logs the start of the animation generation process.
  • Calls generate_frames() with the given pipeline, inputImage, and prompt to create frames.
  • Saves the generated frames as a video using the imageio library, setting the specified frame rate (fps).
  • Logs a success message and returns 0 if the process is successful.
  • On error, logs the issue and returns 1.

Now, let us understand the performance. But, before that let us explore the device on which we’ve performed these stress test that involves GPU & CPUs as well.

And, here is the performance stats –

From the above snapshot, we can clearly communicate that the GPU is 100% utilized. However, the CPU has shown a significant % of availability.

As you can see, the first pass converts the input prompt to intermediate images within 1 min 30 sec. However, the second pass constitutes multiple hops (11 hops) on an avg 22 seconds. Overall, the application will finish in 5 minutes 36 seconds for a 10-second video clip.


So, we’ve done it.

You can find the detailed code at the GitHub link.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Enabling & Exploring Stable Defussion – Part 2

As we’ve started explaining, the importance & usage of Stable Defussion in our previous post:

Enabling & Exploring Stable Defussion – Part 1

In today’s post, we’ll discuss another approach, where we built the custom Python-based SDK solution that consumes HuggingFace Library, which generates video out of the supplied prompt.

But, before that, let us view the demo generated from a custom solution.

Isn’t it exciting? Let us dive deep into the details.


Let us understand basic flow of events for the custom solution –

So, the application will interact with the python-sdk like “stable-diffusion-3.5-large” & “dreamshaper-xl-1-0”, which is available in HuggingFace. As part of the process, these libraries will load all the large models inside the local laptop that require some time depend upon the bandwidth of your internet.

Before we even deep dive into the code, let us understand the flow of Python scripts as shown below:

From the above diagram, we can understand that the main application will be triggered by “generateText2Video.py”. As you can see that “clsConfigClient.py” has all the necessary parameter information that will be supplied to all the scripts.

“generateText2Video.py” will trigger the main class named “clsText2Video.py”, which then calls all the subsequent classes.

Great! Since we now have better visibility of the script flow, let’s examine the key snippets individually.


class clsText2Video:
    def __init__(self, model_id_1, model_id_2, output_path, filename, vidfilename, fps, force_cpu=False):
        self.model_id_1 = model_id_1
        self.model_id_2 = model_id_2
        self.output_path = output_path
        self.filename = filename
        self.vidfilename = vidfilename
        self.force_cpu = force_cpu
        self.fps = fps

        # Initialize in main process
        os.environ["TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM"] = "true"
        self.r1 = cm.clsMaster(force_cpu)
        self.torch_type = self.r1.getTorchType()
        
        torch.mps.empty_cache()
        self.pipe = self.r1.getText2ImagePipe(self.model_id_1, self.torch_type)
        self.pipeline = self.r1.getImage2VideoPipe(self.model_id_2, self.torch_type)

        self.text2img = cti.clsText2Image(self.pipe, self.output_path, self.filename)
        self.img2vid = civ.clsImage2Video(self.pipeline)

    def getPrompt2Video(self, prompt):
        try:
            input_image = self.output_path + self.filename
            target_video = self.output_path + self.vidfilename

            if self.text2img.genImage(prompt) == 0:
                print('Pass 1: Text to intermediate images generated!')
                
                if self.img2vid.genVideo(prompt, input_image, target_video, self.fps) == 0:
                    print('Pass 2: Successfully generated!')
                    return 0
            return 1
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"\nAn unexpected error occurred: {str(e)}")
            return 1

Now, let us interpret:

This is the initialization method for the class. It does the following:

  • Sets up configurations like model IDs, output paths, filenames, video filename, frames per second (fps), and whether to use the CPU (force_cpu).
  • Configures an environment variable for tokenizer parallelism.
  • Initializes helper classes (clsMaster) to manage system resources and retrieve appropriate PyTorch settings.
  • Creates two pipelines:
    • pipe: For converting text to images using the first model.
    • pipeline: For converting images to video using the second model.
  • Initializes text2img and img2vid objects:
    • text2img handles text-to-image conversions.
    • img2vid handles image-to-video conversions.

This method generates a video from a text prompt in two steps:

  1. Text-to-Image Conversion:
    • Calls genImage(prompt) using the text2img object to create an intermediate image file.
    • If successful, it prints confirmation.
  2. Image-to-Video Conversion:
    • Uses the img2vid object to convert the intermediate image into a video file.
    • Includes the input image path, target video path, and frames per second (fps).
    • If successful, it prints confirmation.
  • If either step fails, the method returns 1.
  • Logs any unexpected errors and returns 1 in such cases.
# Set device for Apple Silicon GPU
def setup_gpu(force_cpu=False):
    if not force_cpu and torch.backends.mps.is_available() and torch.backends.mps.is_built():
        print('Running on Apple Silicon MPS GPU!')
        return torch.device("mps")
    return torch.device("cpu")

######################################
####         Global Flag      ########
######################################

class clsMaster:
    def __init__(self, force_cpu=False):
        self.device = setup_gpu(force_cpu)

    def getTorchType(self):
        try:
            # Check if MPS (Apple Silicon GPU) is available
            if not torch.backends.mps.is_available():
                torch_dtype = torch.float32
                raise RuntimeError("MPS (Metal Performance Shaders) is not available on this system.")
            else:
                torch_dtype = torch.float16
            
            return torch_dtype
        except Exception as e:
            torch_dtype = torch.float16
            print(f'Error: {str(e)}')

            return torch_dtype

    def getText2ImagePipe(self, model_id, torchType):
        try:
            device = self.device

            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            self.pipe = StableDiffusion3Pipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torchType, use_safetensors=True, variant="fp16",).to(device)

            return self.pipe
        except Exception as e:
            x = str(e)
            print('Error: ', x)

            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            self.pipe = StableDiffusion3Pipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torchType,).to(device)

            return self.pipe
        
    def getImage2VideoPipe(self, model_id, torchType):
        try:
            device = self.device

            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            self.pipeline = StableDiffusionXLImg2ImgPipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torchType, use_safetensors=True, use_fast=True).to(device)

            return self.pipeline
        except Exception as e:
            x = str(e)
            print('Error: ', x)

            torch.mps.empty_cache()
            self.pipeline = StableDiffusionXLImg2ImgPipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torchType).to(device)

            return self.pipeline

Let us interpret:

This function determines whether to use the Apple Silicon GPU (MPS) or the CPU:

  • If force_cpu is False and the MPS GPU is available, it sets the device to “mps” (Apple GPU) and prints a message.
  • Otherwise, it defaults to the CPU.

This is the initializer for the clsMaster class:

  • It sets the device to either GPU or CPU using the setup_gpu function (mentioned above) based on the force_cpu flag.

This method determines the PyTorch data type to use:

  • Checks if MPS GPU is available:
    • If available, uses torch.float16 for optimized performance.
    • If unavailable, defaults to torch.float32 and raises a warning.
  • Handles errors gracefully by defaulting to torch.float16 and printing the error.

This method initializes a text-to-image pipeline:

  • Loads the Stable Diffusion model with the given model_id and torchType.
  • Configures it for MPS GPU or CPU, based on the device.
  • Clears the GPU cache before loading the model to optimize memory usage.
  • If an error occurs, attempts to reload the pipeline without safetensors.

This method initializes an image-to-video pipeline:

  • Similar to getText2ImagePipe, it loads the Stable Diffusion XL Img2Img pipeline with the specified model_id and torchType.
  • Configures it for MPS GPU or CPU and clears the cache before loading.
  • On error, reloads the pipeline without additional optimization settings and prints the error.

Let us continue this in the next post:

Enabling & Exploring Stable Defussion – Part 3

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Building the optimized Indic Language bot by using the Python-based Sarvam AI LLMs – Part 2

As we discover in our previous post about the Sarvam AI basic capabilities & a glimpse of code review. Today, we’ll finish the rest of the part & some of the matrices comparing against other popular LLMs.

Before that, you can refer to the previous post for a recap, which is available here.

Also, we’re providing the demo here –


Now, let us jump into the rest of the code –

clsSarvamAI.py (This script will capture the audio input in Indic languages & then provide an LLM response in the form of audio in Indic languages. In this post, we’ll discuss part of the code. In the next part, we’ll be discussing the next important methods. Note that we’re only going to discuss a few important functions here.)

def createWavFile(self, audio, output_filename="output.wav", target_sample_rate=16000):
      try:
          # Get the raw audio data as bytes
          audio_data = audio.get_raw_data()

          # Get the original sample rate
          original_sample_rate = audio.sample_rate

          # Open the output file in write mode
          with wave.open(output_filename, 'wb') as wf:
              # Set parameters: nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname
              wf.setnchannels(1)  # Assuming mono audio
              wf.setsampwidth(2)  # 16-bit audio (int16)
              wf.setframerate(original_sample_rate)

              # Write audio data in chunks
              chunk_size = 1024 * 10  # Chunk size (adjust based on memory constraints)
              for i in range(0, len(audio_data), chunk_size):
                  wf.writeframes(audio_data[i:i+chunk_size])

          # Log the current timestamp
          var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
          print('Audio Time: ', str(var))

          return 0

      except Exception as e:
          print('Error: <Wav File Creation>: ', str(e))
          return 1

Purpose:

This method saves recorded audio data into a WAV file format.

What it Does:

  • Takes raw audio data and converts it into bytes.
  • Gets the original sample rate of the audio.
  • Opens a new WAV file in write mode.
  • Sets the parameters for the audio file (like the number of channels, sample width, and frame rate).
  • Writes the audio data into the file in small chunks to manage memory usage.
  • Logs the current time to keep track of when the audio was saved.
  • Returns 0 on success or 1 if there was an error.

The “createWavFile” method takes the recorded audio and saves it as a WAV file on your computer. It converts the audio into bytes and writes them into small file parts. If something goes wrong, it prints an error message.


def chunkBengaliResponse(self, text, max_length=500):
      try:
          chunks = []
          current_chunk = ""

          # Use regex to split on sentence-ending punctuation
          sentences = re.split(r'(।|\?|!)', text)

          for i in range(0, len(sentences), 2):
              sentence = sentences[i] + (sentences[i+1] if i+1 < len(sentences) else '')

              if len(current_chunk) + len(sentence) <= max_length:
                  current_chunk += sentence
              else:
                  if current_chunk:
                      chunks.append(current_chunk.strip())
                  current_chunk = sentence

          if current_chunk:
              chunks.append(current_chunk.strip())

          return chunks
      except Exception as e:
          x = str(e)
          print('Error: <<Chunking Bengali Response>>: ', x)

          return ''

Purpose:

This method breaks down a large piece of text (in Bengali) into smaller, manageable chunks.

What it Does:

  • Initializes an empty list to store the chunks of text.
  • It uses a regular expression to split the text based on punctuation marks like full stops (।), question marks (?), and exclamation points (!).
  • Iterates through the split sentences to form chunks that do not exceed a specified maximum length (max_length).
  • Adds each chunk to the list until the entire text is processed.
  • Returns the list of chunks or an empty string if an error occurs.

The chunkBengaliResponse method takes a long Bengali text and splits it into smaller, easier-to-handle parts. It uses punctuation marks to determine where to split. If there’s a problem while splitting, it prints an error message.


def playWav(self, audio_data):
      try:
          # Create a wav file object from the audio data
          WavFile = wave.open(io.BytesIO(audio_data), 'rb')

          # Extract audio parameters
          channels = WavFile.getnchannels()
          sample_width = WavFile.getsampwidth()
          framerate = WavFile.getframerate()
          n_frames = WavFile.getnframes()

          # Read the audio data
          audio = WavFile.readframes(n_frames)
          WavFile.close()

          # Convert audio data to numpy array
          dtype_map = {1: np.int8, 2: np.int16, 3: np.int32, 4: np.int32}
          audio_np = np.frombuffer(audio, dtype=dtype_map[sample_width])

          # Reshape audio if stereo
          if channels == 2:
              audio_np = audio_np.reshape(-1, 2)

          # Play the audio
          sd.play(audio_np, framerate)
          sd.wait()

          return 0
      except Exception as e:
          x = str(e)
          print('Error: <<Playing the Wav>>: ', x)

          return 1

Purpose:

This method plays audio data stored in a WAV file format.

What it Does:

  • Reads the audio data from a WAV file object.
  • Extracts parameters like the number of channels, sample width, and frame rate.
  • Converts the audio data into a format that the sound device can process.
  • If the audio is stereo (two channels), it reshapes the data for playback.
  • Plays the audio through the speakers.
  • Returns 0 on success or 1 if there was an error.

The playWav method takes audio data from a WAV file and plays it through your computer’s speakers. It reads the data and converts it into a format your speakers can understand. If there’s an issue playing the audio, it prints an error message.


  def audioPlayerWorker(self, queue):
      try:
          while True:
              var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
              print('Response Audio Time: ', str(var))
              audio_bytes = queue.get()
              if audio_bytes is None:
                  break
              self.playWav(audio_bytes)
              queue.task_done()

          return 0
      except Exception as e:
          x = str(e)
          print('Error: <<Audio Player Worker>>: ', x)

          return 1

Purpose:

This method continuously plays audio from a queue until there is no more audio to play.

What it Does:

  • It enters an infinite loop to keep checking for audio data in the queue.
  • Retrieves audio data from the queue and plays it using the “playWav”-method.
  • Logs the current time each time an audio response is played.
  • It breaks the loop if it encounters a None value, indicating no more audio to play.
  • Returns 0 on success or 1 if there was an error.

The audioPlayerWorker method keeps checking a queue for new audio to play. It plays each piece of audio as it comes in and stops when there’s no more audio. If there’s an error during playback, it prints an error message.


  async def processChunk(self, chText, url_3, headers):
      try:
          sarvamAPIKey = self.sarvamAPIKey
          model_1 = self.model_1
          langCode_1 = self.langCode_1
          speakerName = self.speakerName

          print()
          print('Chunk Response: ')
          vText = chText.replace('*','').replace(':',' , ')
          print(vText)

          payload_3 = {
              "inputs": [vText],
              "target_language_code": langCode_1,
              "speaker": speakerName,
              "pitch": 0.15,
              "pace": 0.95,
              "loudness": 2.1,
              "speech_sample_rate": 16000,
              "enable_preprocessing": True,
              "model": model_1
          }
          response_3 = requests.request("POST", url_3, json=payload_3, headers=headers)
          audio_data = response_3.text
          data = json.loads(audio_data)
          byte_data = data['audios'][0]
          audio_bytes = base64.b64decode(byte_data)

          return audio_bytes
      except Exception as e:
          x = str(e)
          print('Error: <<Process Chunk>>: ', x)
          audio_bytes = base64.b64decode('')

          return audio_bytes

Purpose:

This asynchronous method processes a chunk of text to generate audio using an external API.

What it Does:

  • Cleans up the text chunk by removing unwanted characters.
  • Prepares a payload with the cleaned text and other parameters required for text-to-speech conversion.
  • Sends a POST request to an external API to generate audio from the text.
  • Decodes the audio data received from the API (in base64 format) into raw audio bytes.
  • Returns the audio bytes or an empty byte string if there is an error.

The processChunk method takes a text, sends it to an external service to be converted into speech, and returns the audio data. If something goes wrong, it prints an error message.


  async def processAudio(self, audio):
      try:
          model_2 = self.model_2
          model_3 = self.model_3
          url_1 = self.url_1
          url_2 = self.url_2
          url_3 = self.url_3
          sarvamAPIKey = self.sarvamAPIKey
          audioFile = self.audioFile
          WavFile = self.WavFile
          langCode_1 = self.langCode_1
          langCode_2 = self.langCode_2
          speakerGender = self.speakerGender

          headers = {
              "api-subscription-key": sarvamAPIKey
          }

          audio_queue = Queue()
          data = {
              "model": model_2,
              "prompt": templateVal_1
          }
          files = {
              "file": (audioFile, open(WavFile, "rb"), "audio/wav")
          }

          response_1 = requests.post(url_1, headers=headers, data=data, files=files)
          tempDert = json.loads(response_1.text)
          regionalT = tempDert['transcript']
          langCd = tempDert['language_code']
          statusCd = response_1.status_code
          payload_2 = {
              "input": regionalT,
              "source_language_code": langCode_2,
              "target_language_code": langCode_1,
              "speaker_gender": speakerGender,
              "mode": "formal",
              "model": model_3,
              "enable_preprocessing": True
          }

          response_2 = requests.request("POST", url_2, json=payload_2, headers=headers)
          regionalT_2 = response_2.text
          data_ = json.loads(regionalT_2)
          regionalText = data_['translated_text']
          chunked_response = self.chunkBengaliResponse(regionalText)

          audio_thread = Thread(target=self.audioPlayerWorker, args=(audio_queue,))
          audio_thread.start()

          for chText in chunked_response:
              audio_bytes = await self.processChunk(chText, url_3, headers)
              audio_queue.put(audio_bytes)

          audio_queue.join()
          audio_queue.put(None)
          audio_thread.join()

          var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
          print('Retrieval Time: ', str(var))

          return 0

      except Exception as e:
          x = str(e)
          print('Error: <<Processing Audio>>: ', x)

          return 1

Purpose:

This asynchronous method handles the complete audio processing workflow, including speech recognition, translation, and audio playback.

What it Does:

  • Initializes various configurations and headers required for processing.
  • Sends the recorded audio to an API to get the transcript and detected language.
  • Translates the transcript into another language using another API.
  • Splits the translated text into smaller chunks using the chunkBengaliResponse method.
  • Starts an audio playback thread to play each processed audio chunk.
  • Sends each text chunk to the processChunk method to convert to speech and adds the audio data to the queue for playback.
  • Waits for all audio chunks to be processed and played before finishing.
  • Logs the current time when the process is complete.
  • Returns 0 on success or 1 if there was an error.

The “processAudio”-method takes recorded audio, recognizes what was said, translates it into another language, splits the translated text into parts, converts each part into speech, and plays it back. It uses different services to do this; if there’s a problem at any step, it prints an error message.

And, here is the performance stats (Captured from Sarvam AI website) –


So, finally, we’ve done it. You can view the complete code in this GitHub link.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Building & deploying a RAG architecture rapidly using Langflow & Python

I’ve been looking for a solution that can help deploy any RAG solution involving Python faster. It would be more effective if an available UI helped deliver the solution faster. And, here comes the solution that does exactly what I needed – “LangFlow.”

Before delving into the details, I strongly recommend taking a look at the demo. It’s a great way to get a comprehensive understanding of LangFlow and its capabilities in deploying RAG architecture rapidly.

Demo

This describes the entire architecture; hence, I’ll share the architecture components I used to build the solution.

To know more about RAG-Architecture, please refer to the following link.

As we all know, we can parse the data from the source website URL (in this case, I’m referring to my photography website to extract the text of one of my blogs) and then embed it into the newly created Astra DB & new collection, where I will be storing the vector embeddings.

As you can see from the above diagram, the flow that I configured within 5 minutes and the full functionality of writing a complete solution (underlying Python application) within no time that extracts chunks, converts them into embeddings, and finally stores them inside the Astra DB.

Now, let us understand the next phase, where, based on the ask from a chatbot, I need to convert that question into Vector DB & then find the similarity search to bring the relevant vectors as shown below –

You need to configure this entire flow by dragging the necessary widgets from the left-side panel as marked in the Blue-Box shown below –

For this specific use case, we’ve created an instance of Astra DB & then created an empty vector collection. Also, we need to ensure that we generate the API-Key & and provide the right roles assigned with the token. After successfully creating the token, you need to copy the endpoint, token & collection details & paste them into the desired fields of the Astra-DB components inside the LangFlow. Think of it as a framework where one needs to provide all the necessary information to build & run the entire flow successfully.

Following are some of the important snapshots from the Astra-DB –

Step – 1

Step – 2

Once you run the vector DB population, this will insert extracted text & then convert it into vectors, which will show in the following screenshot –

You can see the sample vectors along with the text chunks inside the Astra DB data explorer as shown below –

Some of the critical components are highlighted in the Blue-box which is important for us to monitor the vector embeddings.

Now, here is how you can modify the current Python code of any available widgets or build your own widget by using the custom widget.

The first step is to click the code button highlighted in the Red-box as shown below –

The next step is when you click that button, which will open the detailed Python code representing the entire widget build & its functionality. This button is the place where you can add, modify, or keep it as it is depending upon your need, which will shown below –

Once one builds the entire solution, you must click the final compile button (shown in the red box), which will eventually compile all the individual widgets. However, you can build the compile button for the individual widgets as soon as you make the solution. So you can pinpoint any potential problems at that very step.

Let us understand one sample code of a widget. In this case, we will take vector embedding insertion into the Astra DB. Let us see the code –

from typing import List, Optional, Union
from langchain_astradb import AstraDBVectorStore
from langchain_astradb.utils.astradb import SetupMode

from langflow.custom import CustomComponent
from langflow.field_typing import Embeddings, VectorStore
from langflow.schema import Record
from langchain_core.retrievers import BaseRetriever


class AstraDBVectorStoreComponent(CustomComponent):
    display_name = "Astra DB"
    description = "Builds or loads an Astra DB Vector Store."
    icon = "AstraDB"
    field_order = ["token", "api_endpoint", "collection_name", "inputs", "embedding"]

    def build_config(self):
        return {
            "inputs": {
                "display_name": "Inputs",
                "info": "Optional list of records to be processed and stored in the vector store.",
            },
            "embedding": {"display_name": "Embedding", "info": "Embedding to use"},
            "collection_name": {
                "display_name": "Collection Name",
                "info": "The name of the collection within Astra DB where the vectors will be stored.",
            },
            "token": {
                "display_name": "Token",
                "info": "Authentication token for accessing Astra DB.",
                "password": True,
            },
            "api_endpoint": {
                "display_name": "API Endpoint",
                "info": "API endpoint URL for the Astra DB service.",
            },
            "namespace": {
                "display_name": "Namespace",
                "info": "Optional namespace within Astra DB to use for the collection.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "metric": {
                "display_name": "Metric",
                "info": "Optional distance metric for vector comparisons in the vector store.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "batch_size": {
                "display_name": "Batch Size",
                "info": "Optional number of records to process in a single batch.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "bulk_insert_batch_concurrency": {
                "display_name": "Bulk Insert Batch Concurrency",
                "info": "Optional concurrency level for bulk insert operations.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "bulk_insert_overwrite_concurrency": {
                "display_name": "Bulk Insert Overwrite Concurrency",
                "info": "Optional concurrency level for bulk insert operations that overwrite existing records.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "bulk_delete_concurrency": {
                "display_name": "Bulk Delete Concurrency",
                "info": "Optional concurrency level for bulk delete operations.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "setup_mode": {
                "display_name": "Setup Mode",
                "info": "Configuration mode for setting up the vector store, with options like “Sync”, “Async”, or “Off”.",
                "options": ["Sync", "Async", "Off"],
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "pre_delete_collection": {
                "display_name": "Pre Delete Collection",
                "info": "Boolean flag to determine whether to delete the collection before creating a new one.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "metadata_indexing_include": {
                "display_name": "Metadata Indexing Include",
                "info": "Optional list of metadata fields to include in the indexing.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "metadata_indexing_exclude": {
                "display_name": "Metadata Indexing Exclude",
                "info": "Optional list of metadata fields to exclude from the indexing.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
            "collection_indexing_policy": {
                "display_name": "Collection Indexing Policy",
                "info": "Optional dictionary defining the indexing policy for the collection.",
                "advanced": True,
            },
        }

    def build(
        self,
        embedding: Embeddings,
        token: str,
        api_endpoint: str,
        collection_name: str,
        inputs: Optional[List[Record]] = None,
        namespace: Optional[str] = None,
        metric: Optional[str] = None,
        batch_size: Optional[int] = None,
        bulk_insert_batch_concurrency: Optional[int] = None,
        bulk_insert_overwrite_concurrency: Optional[int] = None,
        bulk_delete_concurrency: Optional[int] = None,
        setup_mode: str = "Sync",
        pre_delete_collection: bool = False,
        metadata_indexing_include: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        metadata_indexing_exclude: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        collection_indexing_policy: Optional[dict] = None,
    ) -> Union[VectorStore, BaseRetriever]:
        try:
            setup_mode_value = SetupMode[setup_mode.upper()]
        except KeyError:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid setup mode: {setup_mode}")
        if inputs:
            documents = [_input.to_lc_document() for _input in inputs]

            vector_store = AstraDBVectorStore.from_documents(
                documents=documents,
                embedding=embedding,
                collection_name=collection_name,
                token=token,
                api_endpoint=api_endpoint,
                namespace=namespace,
                metric=metric,
                batch_size=batch_size,
                bulk_insert_batch_concurrency=bulk_insert_batch_concurrency,
                bulk_insert_overwrite_concurrency=bulk_insert_overwrite_concurrency,
                bulk_delete_concurrency=bulk_delete_concurrency,
                setup_mode=setup_mode_value,
                pre_delete_collection=pre_delete_collection,
                metadata_indexing_include=metadata_indexing_include,
                metadata_indexing_exclude=metadata_indexing_exclude,
                collection_indexing_policy=collection_indexing_policy,
            )
        else:
            vector_store = AstraDBVectorStore(
                embedding=embedding,
                collection_name=collection_name,
                token=token,
                api_endpoint=api_endpoint,
                namespace=namespace,
                metric=metric,
                batch_size=batch_size,
                bulk_insert_batch_concurrency=bulk_insert_batch_concurrency,
                bulk_insert_overwrite_concurrency=bulk_insert_overwrite_concurrency,
                bulk_delete_concurrency=bulk_delete_concurrency,
                setup_mode=setup_mode_value,
                pre_delete_collection=pre_delete_collection,
                metadata_indexing_include=metadata_indexing_include,
                metadata_indexing_exclude=metadata_indexing_exclude,
                collection_indexing_policy=collection_indexing_policy,
            )

        return vector_store

Method: build_config:

  • This method defines the configuration options for the component.
  • Each configuration option includes a display_name and info, which provides details about the option.
  • Some options are marked as advanced, indicating they are optional and more complex.

Method: build:

  • This method is used to create an instance of the Astra DB Vector Store.
  • It takes several parameters, including embedding, token, api_endpoint, collection_name, and various optional parameters.
  • It converts the setup_mode string to an enum value.
  • If inputs are provided, they are converted to a format suitable for storing in the vector store.
  • Depending on whether inputs are provided, a new vector store from documents can be created, or an empty vector store can be initialized with the given configurations.
  • Finally, it returns the created vector store instance.

And, here is the the screenshot of your run –

And, this is the last steps to run the Integrated Chatbot as shown below –

As one can see the left side highlighted shows the reference text & chunks & the right side actual response.


So, we’ve done it. And, you know the fun fact. I did this entire workflow within 35 minutes alone. 😛

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse.

To learn more about LangFlow, please click here.

To learn about Astra DB, you need to click the following link.

To learn about my blog & photography, you can click the following url.

Till then, Happy Avenging!  🙂

Building a real-time Gen AI Improvement Matrices (GAIIM) using Python, UpTrain, Open AI & React

How does the RAG work better for various enterprise-level Gen AI use cases? What needs to be there to make the LLM model work more efficiently & able to check the response & validate their response, including the bias, hallucination & many more?

This is my post (after a slight GAP), which will capture and discuss some of the burning issues that many AI architects are trying to explore. In this post, I’ve considered a newly formed AI start-up from India, which developed an open-source framework that can easily evaluate all the challenges that one is facing with their LLMs & easily integrate with your existing models for better understanding including its limitations. You will get plenty of insights about it.

But, before we dig deep, why not see the demo first –

Isn’t it exciting? Let’s deep dive into the flow of events.


Let’s explore the broad-level architecture/flow –

Let us understand the steps of the above architecture. First, our Python application needs to trigger and enable the API, which will interact with the Open AI and UpTrain AI to fetch all the LLM KPIs based on the input from the React app named “Evaluation.”

Once the response is received from UpTrain AI, the Python application then organizes the results in a better readable manner without changing the core details coming out from their APIs & then shares that back with the react interface.

Let’s examine the react app’s sample inputs to better understand the input that will be passed to the Python-based API solution, which is wrapper capability to call multiple APIs from the UpTrain & then accumulate them under one response by parsing the data & reorganizing the data with the help of Open AI & sharing that back.

Highlighted in RED are some of the critical inputs you need to provide to get most of the KPIs. And, here are the sample text inputs for your reference –

Q. Enter input question.
A. What are the four largest moons of Jupiter?
Q. Enter the context document.
A. Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, boasts a fascinating array of moons. Among these, the four largest are collectively known as the Galilean moons, named after the renowned astronomer Galileo Galilei, who first observed them in 1610. These four moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, hold significant scientific interest due to their unique characteristics and diverse geological features.
Q. Enter LLM response.
A. The four largest moons of Jupiter, known as the Galilean moons, are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Marshmello.
Q. Enter the persona response.
A. strict and methodical teacher
Q. Enter the guideline.
A. Response shouldn’t contain any specific numbers
Q. Enter the ground truth.
A. The Jupiter is the largest & gaseous planet in the solar system.
Q. Choose the evaluation method.
A. llm

Once you fill in the App should look like this –

Once you fill in, the app should look like the below screenshot –


Let us understand the sample packages that are required for this task.

pip install Flask==3.0.3
pip install Flask-Cors==4.0.0
pip install numpy==1.26.4
pip install openai==1.17.0
pip install pandas==2.2.2
pip install uptrain==0.6.13

Note that, we’re not going to discuss the entire script here. Only those parts are relevant. However, you can get the complete scripts in the GitHub repository.

def askFeluda(context, question):
    try:
        # Combine the context and the question into a single prompt.
        prompt_text = f"{context}\n\n Question: {question}\n Answer:"

        # Retrieve conversation history from the session or database
        conversation_history = []

        # Add the new message to the conversation history
        conversation_history.append(prompt_text)

        # Call OpenAI API with the updated conversation
        response = client.with_options(max_retries=0).chat.completions.create(
            messages=[
                {
                    "role": "user",
                    "content": prompt_text,
                }
            ],
            model=cf.conf['MODEL_NAME'],
            max_tokens=150,  # You can adjust this based on how long you expect the response to be
            temperature=0.3,  # Adjust for creativity. Lower values make responses more focused and deterministic
            top_p=1,
            frequency_penalty=0,
            presence_penalty=0
        )

        # Extract the content from the first choice's message
        chat_response = response.choices[0].message.content

        # Print the generated response text
        return chat_response.strip()
    except Exception as e:
        return f"An error occurred: {str(e)}"

This function will ask the supplied questions with contexts or it will supply the UpTrain results to summarize the JSON into more easily readable plain texts. For our test, we’ve used “gpt-3.5-turbo”.

def evalContextRelevance(question, context, resFeluda, personaResponse):
    try:
        data = [{
            'question': question,
            'context': context,
            'response': resFeluda
        }]

        results = eval_llm.evaluate(
            data=data,
            checks=[Evals.CONTEXT_RELEVANCE, Evals.FACTUAL_ACCURACY, Evals.RESPONSE_COMPLETENESS, Evals.RESPONSE_RELEVANCE, CritiqueTone(llm_persona=personaResponse), Evals.CRITIQUE_LANGUAGE, Evals.VALID_RESPONSE, Evals.RESPONSE_CONCISENESS]
        )

        return results
    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)

        return x

The above methods initiate the model from UpTrain to get all the stats, which will be helpful for your LLM response. In this post, we’ve captured the following KPIs –

- Context Relevance Explanation
- Factual Accuracy Explanation
- Guideline Adherence Explanation
- Response Completeness Explanation
- Response Fluency Explanation
- Response Relevance Explanation
- Response Tonality Explanation
# Function to extract and print all the keys and their values
def extractPrintedData(data):
    for entry in data:
        print("Parsed Data:")
        for key, value in entry.items():


            if key == 'score_context_relevance':
                s_1_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_context_relevance':
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_1_val = cleaned_value
            elif key == 'score_factual_accuracy':
                s_2_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_factual_accuracy':
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_2_val = cleaned_value
            elif key == 'score_response_completeness':
                s_3_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_response_completeness':
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_3_val = cleaned_value
            elif key == 'score_response_relevance':
                s_4_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_response_relevance':
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_4_val = cleaned_value
            elif key == 'score_critique_tone':
                s_5_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_critique_tone':
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_5_val = cleaned_value
            elif key == 'score_fluency':
                s_6_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_fluency':
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_6_val = cleaned_value
            elif key == 'score_valid_response':
                s_7_key_val = value
            elif key == 'score_response_conciseness':
                s_8_key_val = value
            elif key == 'explanation_response_conciseness':
                print('Raw Value: ', value)
                cleaned_value = preprocessParseData(value)
                print(f"{key}: {cleaned_value}\n")
                s_8_val = cleaned_value

    print('$'*200)

    results = {
        "Factual_Accuracy_Score": s_2_key_val,
        "Factual_Accuracy_Explanation": s_2_val,
        "Context_Relevance_Score": s_1_key_val,
        "Context_Relevance_Explanation": s_1_val,
        "Response_Completeness_Score": s_3_key_val,
        "Response_Completeness_Explanation": s_3_val,
        "Response_Relevance_Score": s_4_key_val,
        "Response_Relevance_Explanation": s_4_val,
        "Response_Fluency_Score": s_6_key_val,
        "Response_Fluency_Explanation": s_6_val,
        "Response_Tonality_Score": s_5_key_val,
        "Response_Tonality_Explanation": s_5_val,
        "Guideline_Adherence_Score": s_8_key_val,
        "Guideline_Adherence_Explanation": s_8_val,
        "Response_Match_Score": s_7_key_val
        # Add other evaluations similarly
    }

    return results

The above method parsed the initial data from UpTrain before sending it to OpenAI for a better summary without changing any text returned by it.

@app.route('/evaluate', methods=['POST'])
def evaluate():
    data = request.json

    if not data:
        return {jsonify({'error': 'No data provided'}), 400}

    # Extracting input data for processing (just an example of logging received data)
    question = data.get('question', '')
    context = data.get('context', '')
    llmResponse = ''
    personaResponse = data.get('personaResponse', '')
    guideline = data.get('guideline', '')
    groundTruth = data.get('groundTruth', '')
    evaluationMethod = data.get('evaluationMethod', '')

    print('question:')
    print(question)

    llmResponse = askFeluda(context, question)
    print('='*200)
    print('Response from Feluda::')
    print(llmResponse)
    print('='*200)

    # Getting Context LLM
    cLLM = evalContextRelevance(question, context, llmResponse, personaResponse)

    print('&'*200)
    print('cLLM:')
    print(cLLM)
    print(type(cLLM))
    print('&'*200)

    results = extractPrintedData(cLLM)

    print('JSON::')
    print(results)

    resJson = jsonify(results)

    return resJson

The above function is the main method, which first receives all the input parameters from the react app & then invokes one-by-one functions to get the LLM response, and LLM performance & finally summarizes them before sending it to react-app.

For any other scripts, please refer to the above-mentioned GitHub link.


Let us see some of the screenshots of the test run –


So, we’ve done it.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Navigating the Future of Work: Insights from the Argyle AI Summit

At the recent Argyle AI Summit, a prestigious event in the AI industry, I had the honor of participating as a speaker alongside esteemed professionals like Misha Leybovich from Google Labs. The summit, coordinated by Sylvia Das Chagas, a former senior AI conversation designer at CVS Health, provided an enlightening platform to discuss the evolving role of AI in talent management. Our session focused on the theme “Driving Talent with AI,” addressing some of the most pressing questions in the field. Frequently, relevant use cases were shared in detail to support these threads.

To view the actual page, please click the following link.

One of the critical topics we explored was AI’s impact on talent management in the upcoming year. AI’s influence in hiring and retention is becoming increasingly significant. For example, AI-powered tools can now analyze vast amounts of data to identify the best candidates for a role, going beyond traditional resume screening. In retention, AI is instrumental in identifying patterns that indicate an employee’s likelihood to leave, enabling proactive measures.

A burning question in AI is how leaders address fears that AI might replace manual jobs. We discussed the importance of leaders framing AI as a complement to human skills rather than a replacement. AI enhances employee capabilities by automating mundane tasks, allowing employees to focus on more creative and strategic work.

Regarding new AI tools that organizations should watch out for, the conversation highlighted tools that enhance remote collaboration and workplace inclusivity. Tools like virtual meeting assistants that can transcribe, translate, and summarize meetings in real time are becoming invaluable in today’s global work environment.

AI’s role in boosting employee motivation and productivity was another focal point. We discussed how AI-driven career development programs can offer personalized learning paths, helping employees grow and stay motivated.

Incorporating multiple languages in tools like ChatGPT was highlighted as a critical step towards inclusivity. This expansion allows a broader range of employees to interact with AI tools in their native language, fostering a more inclusive workplace environment.

Lastly, we tackled the challenge of addressing employees’ reluctance to change. Emphasizing the importance of transparent communication and education about AI’s benefits was identified as key. Organizations can alleviate fears and encourage a more accepting attitude towards AI by involving employees in the AI implementation process and providing training.

The Argyle AI Summit offered a compelling glimpse into the future of AI in talent management. The session provided valuable insights for leaders looking to harness AI’s potential to enhance talent management strategies by discussing real-world examples and strategies. To gain more in-depth knowledge and perspectives shared during this summit, I encourage interested parties to visit the recorded session link for a more comprehensive understanding.

Or, you can directly view it from here –


I would greatly appreciate your feedback on the insights shared during the summit. Your thoughts and perspectives are invaluable as we continue to explore and navigate the evolving landscape of AI in the workplace.

Text2SQL Data Extractor (T2SDE) using Python & Open AI LLM

Today, I will share a new post that will contextualize the source files & then read the data into the pandas data frame, and then dynamically create the SQL & execute it. Then, fetch the data from the sources based on the query generated dynamically. This project is for the advanced Python developer and data Science Newbie.

In this post, I’ve directly subscribed to OpenAI & I’m not using OpenAI from Azure. However, I’ll explore that in the future as well.

Before I explain the process to invoke this new library, why not view the demo first & then discuss it?

Demo

Let us look at the flow diagram as it captures the sequence of events that unfold as part of the process.


The application will take the metadata captured from source data dynamically. It blends the metadata and enhances the prompt to pass to the Flask server. The Flask server has all the limits of contexts.

Once the application receives the correct generated SQL, it will then apply the SQL using the SQLAlchemy package to get the desired results.

The following are the important packages that are essential to this project –

pip install openai==1.6.1
pip install pandas==2.1.4
pip install Flask==3.0.0
pip install SQLAlchemy==2.0.23

We’ll have both the server and the main application. Today, we’ll be going in reverse mode. We first discuss the main script & then explain all the other class scripts.

  • 1_invokeSQLServer.py (This is the main calling Python script to invoke the OpenAI-Server.)

Please find some of the key snippet from this discussion –

@app.route('/message', methods=['POST'])
def message():
    input_text = request.json.get('input_text', None)
    session_id = request.json.get('session_id', None)

    print('*' * 240)
    print('User Input:')
    print(str(input_text))
    print('*' * 240)

    # Retrieve conversation history from the session or database
    conversation_history = session.get(session_id, [])

    # Add the new message to the conversation history
    conversation_history.append(input_text)

    # Call OpenAI API with the updated conversation
    response = client.with_options(max_retries=0).chat.completions.create(
        messages=[
            {
                "role": "user",
                "content": input_text,
            }
        ],
        model=cf.conf['MODEL_NAME'],
    )

    # Extract the content from the first choice's message
    chat_response = response.choices[0].message.content
    print('*' * 240)
    print('Resposne::')
    print(chat_response)
    print('*' * 240)

    conversation_history.append(chat_response)

    # Store the updated conversation history in the session or database
    session[session_id] = conversation_history

    return chat_response

This code defines a web application route that handles POST requests sent to the /message endpoint:

  1. Route Declaration: The @app.route('/message', methods=['POST']) part specifies that the function message() is executed when the server receives a POST request at the /message URL.
  2. Function Definition: Inside the message() function:
    • It retrieves two pieces of data from the request’s JSON body: input_text (the user’s input message) and session_id (a unique identifier for the user’s session).
    • It prints the user’s input message, surrounded by lines of asterisks for emphasis.
  3. Conversation History Management:
    • The code retrieves the conversation history associated with the given session_id. This history is a list of messages.
    • It then adds the new user message (input_text) to this conversation history.
  4. OpenAI API Call:
    • The function makes a call to the OpenAI API, passing the user’s message. It specifies not to retry the request if it fails (max_retries=0).
    • The model used for the OpenAI API call is taken from some configurations (cf.conf['MODEL_NAME']).
  5. Processing API Response:
    • The response from the OpenAI API is processed to extract the content of the chat response.
    • This chat response is printed.
  6. Updating Conversation History:
    • The chat response is added to the conversation history.
    • The updated conversation history is then stored back in the session or database, associated with the session_id.
  7. Returning the Response: Finally, the function returns the chat response.

  • clsDynamicSQLProcess.py (This Python class generates the SQL & then executes the flask server to invoke the OpenAI-Server.)

Now, let us understand the few important piece of snippet –

def text2SQLBegin(self, DBFileNameList, fileDBPath, srcQueryPrompt, joinCond, debugInd='N'):

        question = srcQueryPrompt
        create_table_statement = ''
        jStr = ''

        print('DBFileNameList::', DBFileNameList)
        print('prevSessionDBFileNameList::', self.prevSessionDBFileNameList)

        if set(self.prevSessionDBFileNameList) == set(DBFileNameList):
            self.flag = 'Y'
        else:
            self.flag = 'N'

        if self.flag == 'N':

            for i in DBFileNameList:
                DBFileName = i

                FullDBname = fileDBPath + DBFileName
                print('File: ', str(FullDBname))

                tabName, _ = DBFileName.split('.')

                # Reading the source data
                df = pd.read_csv(FullDBname)

                # Convert all string columns to lowercase
                df = df.apply(lambda x: x.str.lower() if x.dtype == "object" else x)

                # Convert DataFrame to SQL table
                df.to_sql(tabName, con=engine, index=False)

                # Create a MetaData object and reflect the existing database
                metadata = MetaData()
                metadata.reflect(bind=engine)

                # Access the 'users' table from the reflected metadata
                table = metadata.tables[tabName]

                # Generate the CREATE TABLE statement
                create_table_statement = create_table_statement + str(CreateTable(table)) + '; \n'

                tabName = ''

            for joinS in joinCond:
                jStr = jStr + joinS + '\n'

            self.prevSessionDBFileNameList = DBFileNameList
            self.prev_create_table_statement = create_table_statement

            masterSessionDBFileNameList = self.prevSessionDBFileNameList
            mast_create_table_statement = self.prev_create_table_statement

        else:
            masterSessionDBFileNameList = self.prevSessionDBFileNameList
            mast_create_table_statement = self.prev_create_table_statement

        inputPrompt = (templateVal_1 + mast_create_table_statement + jStr + templateVal_2).format(question=question)

        if debugInd == 'Y':
            print('INPUT PROMPT::')
            print(inputPrompt)

        print('*' * 240)
        print('Find the Generated SQL:')
        print()

        DBFileNameList = []
        create_table_statement = ''

        return inputPrompt
  1. Function Overview: The text2SQLBegin function processes a list of database file names (DBFileNameList), a file path (fileDBPath), a query prompt (srcQueryPrompt), join conditions (joinCond), and a debug indicator (debugInd) to generate SQL commands.
  2. Initial Setup: It starts by initializing variables for the question, the SQL table creation statement, and a string for join conditions.
  3. Debug Prints: The function prints the current and previous session database file names for debugging purposes.
  4. Flag Setting: A flag is set to ‘Y’ if the current session’s database file names match the previous session’s; otherwise, it’s set to ‘N’.
  5. Processing New Session Data: If the flag is ‘N’, indicating new session data:
    • For each database file, it reads the data, converts string columns to lowercase, and creates a corresponding SQL table in a database using the pandas library.
    • Metadata is generated for each table and a CREATE TABLE SQL statement is created.
  6. Join Conditions and Statement Aggregation: Join conditions are concatenated, and previous session information is updated with the current session’s data.
  7. Handling Repeated Sessions: If the session data is repeated (flag is ‘Y’), it uses the previous session’s SQL table creation statements and database file names.
  8. Final Input Prompt Creation: It constructs the final input prompt by combining template values with the create table statement, join conditions, and the original question.
  9. Debug Printing: If debug mode is enabled, it prints the final input prompt.
  10. Conclusion: The function clears the DBFileNameList and create_table_statement variables, and returns the constructed input prompt.
  def text2SQLEnd(self, srcContext, debugInd='N'):
      url = self.url

      payload = json.dumps({"input_text": srcContext,"session_id": ""})
      headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Cookie': cf.conf['HEADER_TOKEN']}

      response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)

      return response.text

The text2SQLEnd function sends an HTTP POST request to a specified URL and returns the response. It takes two parameters: srcContext which contains the input text, and an optional debugInd for debugging purposes. The function constructs the request payload by converting the input text and an empty session ID to JSON format. It sets the request headers, including a content type of ‘application/json’ and a token from the configuration file. The function then sends the POST request using the requests library and returns the text content of the response.

  def sql2Data(self, srcSQL):
      # Executing the query on top of your data
      resultSQL = pd.read_sql_query(srcSQL, con=engine)

      return resultSQL

The sql2Data function is designed to execute a SQL query on a database and return the result. It takes a single parameter, srcSQL, which contains the SQL query to be executed. The function uses the pandas library to run the provided SQL query (srcSQL) against a database connection (engine). It then returns the result of this query, which is typically a DataFrame object containing the data retrieved from the database.

def genData(self, srcQueryPrompt, fileDBPath, DBFileNameList, joinCond, debugInd='N'):
    try:
        authorName = self.authorName
        website = self.website
        var = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")

        print('*' * 240)
        print('SQL Start Time: ' + str(var))
        print('*' * 240)

        print('*' * 240)
        print()

        if debugInd == 'Y':
            print('Author Name: ', authorName)
            print('For more information, please visit the following Website: ', website)
            print()

            print('*' * 240)
        print('Your Data for Retrieval:')
        print('*' * 240)

        if debugInd == 'Y':

            print()
            print('Converted File to Dataframe Sample:')
            print()

        else:
            print()

        context = self.text2SQLBegin(DBFileNameList, fileDBPath, srcQueryPrompt, joinCond, debugInd)
        srcSQL = self.text2SQLEnd(context, debugInd)

        print(srcSQL)
        print('*' * 240)
        print()
        resDF = self.sql2Data(srcSQL)

        print('*' * 240)
        print('SQL End Time: ' + str(var))
        print('*' * 240)

        return resDF

    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        print('Error: ', x)

        df = pd.DataFrame()

        return df
  1. Initialization and Debug Information: The function begins by initializing variables like authorName, website, and a timestamp (var). It then prints the start time of the SQL process. If the debug indicator (debugInd) is ‘Y’, it prints additional information like the author’s name and website.
  2. Generating SQL Context and Query: The function calls text2SQLBegin with various parameters (file paths, database file names, query prompt, join conditions, and the debug indicator) to generate an SQL context. Then it calls text2SQLEnd with this context and the debug indicator to generate the actual SQL query.
  3. Executing the SQL Query: It prints the generated SQL query for visibility, especially in debug mode. The query is then executed by calling sql2Data, which returns the result as a data frame (resDF).
  4. Finalization and Error Handling: After executing the query, it prints the SQL end time. In case of any exceptions during the process, it catches the error, prints it, and returns an empty DataFrame.
  5. Return Value: The function returns the DataFrame (resDF) containing the results of the executed SQL query. If an error occurs, it returns an empty DataFrame instead.

Let us explore the directory structure starting from the parent to some of the important child folder should look like this –

Let us understand the important screenshots of this entire process –


So, finally, we’ve done it.

You will get the complete codebase in the following GitHub link.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse. Please share & subscribe to my post & let me know your feedback.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Exploring the new Polars library in Python

Today, I will present some valid Python packages where you can explore most of the complex SQLs by using this new package named “Polars,” which can be extremely handy on many occasions.

This post will be short posts where I’ll prepare something new on LLMs for the upcoming posts for the next month.

Why not view the demo before going through it?


Demo
pip install polars
pip install pandas

Let us understand the key class & snippets.

  • clsConfigClient.py (Key entries that will be discussed later)
################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE                 ####
#### Written On:  15-May-2020               ####
#### Modified On: 28-Oct-2023               ####
####                                        ####
#### Objective: This script is a config     ####
#### file, contains all the keys for        ####
#### personal OpenAI-based MAC-shortcuts    ####
#### enable bot.                            ####
####                                        ####
################################################

import os
import platform as pl

class clsConfigClient(object):
    Curr_Path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

    os_det = pl.system()
    if os_det == "Windows":
        sep = '\\'
    else:
        sep = '/'

    conf = {
        'APP_ID': 1,
        'ARCH_DIR': Curr_Path + sep + 'arch' + sep,
        'LOG_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'log' + sep,
        'DATA_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'data' + sep,
        'TEMP_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'temp' + sep,
        'OUTPUT_DIR': 'model',
        'APP_DESC_1': 'Polars Demo!',
        'DEBUG_IND': 'Y',
        'INIT_PATH': Curr_Path,
        'TITLE': "Polars Demo!",
        'PATH' : Curr_Path,
        'OUT_DIR': 'data',
        'MERGED_FILE': 'mergedFile.csv',
        'ACCT_FILE': 'AccountAddress.csv',
        'ORDER_FILE': 'Orders.csv',
        'CUSTOMER_FILE': 'CustomerDetails.csv',
        'STATE_CITY_WISE_REPORT_FILE': 'StateCityWiseReport.csv'
    }
  • clsSQL.py (Main class file that contains how to use the SQL)
#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE                      ####
#### Written On: 27-May-2023                     ####
#### Modified On 28-Oct-2023                     ####
####                                             ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling         ####
#### python class that will invoke the           ####
#### Polar class, which will enable SQL          ####
#### capabilitites.                              ####
####                                             ####
#####################################################

import polars as pl
import os
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import pandas as p

###############################################
###           Global Section                ###
###############################################

# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

import warnings
warnings.warn = warn

###############################################
###    End of Global Section                ###
###############################################

class clsSQL:
    def __init__(self):
        self.acctFile = cf.conf['ACCT_FILE']
        self.orderFile = cf.conf['ORDER_FILE']
        self.stateWiseReport = cf.conf['STATE_CITY_WISE_REPORT_FILE']
        self.custFile = cf.conf['CUSTOMER_FILE']
        self.dataPath = cf.conf['DATA_PATH']

    def execSQL(self):
        try:
            dataPath = self.dataPath
            acctFile = self.acctFile
            orderFile = self.orderFile
            stateWiseReport = self.stateWiseReport
            custFile = self.custFile

            fullAcctFile = dataPath + acctFile
            fullOrderFile = dataPath + orderFile
            fullStateWiseReportFile = dataPath + stateWiseReport
            fullCustomerFile = dataPath + custFile

            ctx = pl.SQLContext(accountMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullAcctFile),
            orderMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullOrderFile),
            stateMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullStateWiseReportFile))

            querySQL = """
            SELECT orderMaster.order_id,
            orderMaster.total,
            stateMaster.state,
            accountMaster.Acct_Nbr,
            accountMaster.Name,
            accountMaster.Email,
            accountMaster.user_id,
            COUNT(*) TotalCount
            FROM orderMaster
            JOIN stateMaster USING (city)
            JOIN accountMaster USING (user_id)
            ORDER BY stateMaster.state
            """

            res = ctx.execute(querySQL, eager=True)
            res_Pandas = res.to_pandas()

            print('Result:')
            print(res_Pandas)
            print(type(res_Pandas))

            ctx_1 = pl.SQLContext(customerMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullCustomerFile),
            tempMaster=pl.from_pandas(res_Pandas))

            querySQL_1 = """
            SELECT tempMaster.order_id,
            tempMaster.total,
            tempMaster.state,
            tempMaster.Acct_Nbr,
            tempMaster.Name,
            tempMaster.Email,
            tempMaster.TotalCount,
            tempMaster.user_id,
            COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) StateWiseCount,
            MAX(tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) MaxAccountByState,
            MIN(tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) MinAccountByState,
            CASE WHEN tempMaster.total < 70 THEN 'SILVER' ELSE 'GOLD' END CategoryStat,
            SUM(customerMaster.Balance) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state) SumBalance
            FROM tempMaster
            JOIN customerMaster USING (user_id)
            ORDER BY tempMaster.state
            """

            res_1 = ctx_1.execute(querySQL_1, eager=True)

            finDF = res_1.to_pandas()

            print('Result 2:')
            print(finDF)

            return 0
        except Exception as e:
            discussedTopic = []
            x = str(e)
            print('Error: ', x)

            return 1

If we go through some of the key lines, we will understand how this entire package works.

But, before that, let us understand the source data –

Let us understand the steps –

  1. Join orderMaster, stateMaster & accountMaster and fetch the selected attributes. Store this in a temporary data frame named tempMaster.
  2. Join tempMaster & customerMaster and fetch the relevant attributes with some more aggregation, which is required for the business KPIs.
ctx = pl.SQLContext(accountMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullAcctFile),
orderMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullOrderFile),
stateMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullStateWiseReportFile))

The above method will create three temporary tables by reading the source files – AccountAddress.csv, Orders.csv & StateCityWiseReport.csv.

And, let us understand the supported SQLs –

SELECT  orderMaster.order_id,
        orderMaster.total,
        stateMaster.state,
        accountMaster.Acct_Nbr,
        accountMaster.Name,
        accountMaster.Email,
        accountMaster.user_id,
        COUNT(*) TotalCount
FROM orderMaster
JOIN stateMaster USING (city)
JOIN accountMaster USING (user_id)
ORDER BY stateMaster.state

In this step, we’re going to store the output of the above query into a temporary view named – tempMaster data frame.

Since this is a polar data frame, we’re converting it to the pandas data frame.

res_Pandas = res.to_pandas()

Finally, let us understand the next part –

ctx_1 = pl.SQLContext(customerMaster = pl.scan_csv(fullCustomerFile),
tempMaster=pl.from_pandas(res_Pandas))

In the above section, one source is getting populated from the CSV file, whereas the other source is feeding from a pandas data frame populated in the previous step.

Now, let us understand the SQL supported by this package, which is impressive –

SELECT  tempMaster.order_id,
        tempMaster.total,
        tempMaster.state,
        tempMaster.Acct_Nbr,
        tempMaster.Name,
        tempMaster.Email,
        tempMaster.TotalCount,
        tempMaster.user_id,
        COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) StateWiseCount,
        MAX(tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) MaxAccountByState,
        MIN(tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) MinAccountByState,
        CASE WHEN tempMaster.total < 70 THEN 'SILVER' ELSE 'GOLD' END CategoryStat,
        SUM(customerMaster.Balance) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state) SumBalance
FROM tempMaster
JOIN customerMaster USING (user_id)
ORDER BY tempMaster.state

As you can see it has the capability of all the advanced analytics SQL using partitions, and CASE statements.

The only problem with COUNT(*) with the partition is not working as expected. Not sure, whether that is related to any version issues or not.

COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY tempMaster.state ORDER BY tempMaster.state, tempMaster.Acct_Nbr) StateWiseCount

I’m trying to get more information on this. Except for this statement, everything works perfectly.

  • 1_testSQL.py (Main class file that contains how to use the SQL)
#########################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE                          ####
#### Written On: 27-Jun-2023                         ####
#### Modified On 28-Oct-2023                         ####
####                                                 ####
#### Objective: This is the main class that invokes  ####
#### advanced analytic SQL in python.                ####
####                                                 ####
#########################################################

from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import clsL as log
import clsSQL as ccl

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

import warnings
warnings.warn = warn

###############################################
###           Global Section                ###
###############################################

#Initiating Logging Instances
clog = log.clsL()
cl = ccl.clsSQL()

var = datetime.now().strftime(".%H.%M.%S")

documents = []

###############################################
###    End of Global Section                ###
###############################################
def main():
    try:
        var = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
        print('*'*120)
        print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
        print('*'*120)

        r1 = cl.execSQL()

        if r1 == 0:
            print()
            print('Successfully SQL-enabled!')
        else:
            print()
            print('Failed to senable SQL!')

        print('*'*120)
        var1 = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
        print('End Time: ' + str(var1))

    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        print('Error: ', x)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

As this is extremely easy to understand & self-explanatory.

To learn more about this package, please visit the following link.


So, finally, we’ve done it. I know that this post is relatively smaller than my earlier post. But, I think, you can get a good hack to improve some of your long-running jobs by applying this trick.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse. Please share & subscribe to my post & let me know your feedback.

Till then, Happy Avenging!  🙂

Enable OpenAI chatbot with the selected YouTube video content using LangChain, FAISS & YouTube data-API.

Today, I’m very excited to demonstrate an effortless & new way to extract the transcript from YouTube videos & then answer the questions based on the topics selected by the users. In this post, I plan to deal with the user inputs to consider the case first & then it can summarize the video content through useful advanced analytics with the help of the LangChain & OpenAI-based model.

In this post, I’ve directly subscribed to OpenAI & I’m not using OpenAI from Azure. However, I’ll explore that in the future as well.
Before I explain the process to invoke this new library, why not view the demo first & then discuss it?

Demo

Isn’t it very exciting? This will lead to a whole new ballgame, where one can get critical decision-making information from these human sources along with their traditional advanced analytical data.

How will it help?

Let’s say as per your historical data & analytics, the dashboard is recommending prod-A, prod-B & prod-C as the top three products for potential top-performing brands. Whereas, you are getting some alerts from the TV news on prod-B due to the recent incidents. So, in that case, you don’t want to continue with the prod-B investment. You may find a new product named prod-Z. That may reduce the risk of your investment.


What is LangChain?

LangChain is a framework for developing applications powered by language models. We believe that the most powerful and differentiated applications will not only call out to a language model but will also be:

  1. Data-aware: connect a language model to other sources of data
  2. Agentic: allow a language model to interact with its environment

The LangChain framework works around these principles.

To know more about this, please click the following link.

As you can see, this is one of the critical components in our solution, which will bind the OpenAI bot & it will feed the necessary data to provide the correct response.


What is FAISS?

Faiss is a library for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors. It contains algorithms that search in sets of vectors of any size, up to ones that do not fit in RAM. It also has supporting code for evaluation and parameter tuning.

Faiss developed using C++ with complete wrappers for Python—some of the most beneficial algorithms available both on CPU & in GPU as well. Facebook AI Research develops it.

To know more about this, please click the following link.


FLOW OF EVENTS:

Let us look at the flow diagram as it captures the sequence of events that unfold as part of the process.

Here are the steps that will follow in sequence –

  • The application will first get the topic on which it needs to look from YouTube & find the top 5 videos using the YouTube data-API.
  • Once the application returns a list of websites from the above step, LangChain will drive the application will extract the transcripts from the video & then optimize the response size in smaller chunks to address the costly OpenAI calls. During this time, it will invoke FAISS to create document DBs.
  • Finally, it will send those chunks to OpenAI for the best response based on your supplied template that performs the final analysis with small data required for your query & gets the appropriate response with fewer costs.

CODE:

Why don’t we go through the code made accessible due to this new library for this particular use case?

  • clsConfigClient.py (This is the main calling Python script for the input parameters.)


################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 15-May-2020 ####
#### Modified On: 28-May-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This script is a config ####
#### file, contains all the keys for ####
#### personal OpenAI-based video content ####
#### enable bot. ####
#### ####
################################################
import os
import platform as pl
class clsConfigClient(object):
Curr_Path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
os_det = pl.system()
if os_det == "Windows":
sep = '\\'
else:
sep = '/'
conf = {
'APP_ID': 1,
'ARCH_DIR': Curr_Path + sep + 'arch' + sep,
'PROFILE_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'profile' + sep,
'LOG_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'log' + sep,
'DATA_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'data' + sep,
'MODEL_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'model' + sep,
'TEMP_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'temp' + sep,
'MODEL_DIR': 'model',
'APP_DESC_1': 'LangChain Demo!',
'DEBUG_IND': 'N',
'INIT_PATH': Curr_Path,
'FILE_NAME': 'Output.csv',
'MODEL_NAME': 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
'OPEN_AI_KEY': "sk-kfrjfijdrkidjkfjd9474nbfjfkfjfhfhf84i84hnfhjdbv6Bgvv",
'YOUTUBE_KEY': "AIjfjfUYGe64hHJ-LOFO5u-mkso9pPOJGFU",
'TITLE': "LangChain Demo!",
'TEMP_VAL': 0.2,
'PATH' : Curr_Path,
'MAX_CNT' : 5,
'OUT_DIR': 'data'
}

Some of the key entries from the above scripts are as follows –

'MODEL_NAME': 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
'OPEN_AI_KEY': "sk-kfrjfijdrkidjkfjd9474nbfjfkfjfhfhf84i84hnfhjdbv6Bgvv",
'YOUTUBE_KEY': "AIjfjfUYGe64hHJ-LOFO5u-mkso9pPOJGFU",
'TEMP_VAL': 0.2,

From the above code snippet, one can understand that we need both the API keys for YouTube & OpenAI. And they have separate costs & usage, which I’ll share later in the post. Also, notice that the temperature sets to 0.2 ( range between 0 to 1). That means our AI bot will be consistent in response. And our application will use the GPT-3.5-turbo model for its analytic response.

  • clsTemplate.py (Contains all the templates for OpenAI.)


################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 27-May-2023 ####
#### Modified On: 28-May-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This script is a config ####
#### file, contains all the template for ####
#### OpenAI prompts to get the correct ####
#### response. ####
#### ####
################################################
# Template to use for the system message prompt
templateVal_1 = """
You are a helpful assistant that that can answer questions about youtube videos
based on the video's transcript: {docs}
Only use the factual information from the transcript to answer the question.
If you feel like you don't have enough information to answer the question, say "I don't know".
Your answers should be verbose and detailed.
"""

view raw

clsTemplate.py

hosted with ❤ by GitHub

The above code is self-explanatory. Here, we’re keeping the correct instructions for our OpenAI to respond within these guidelines.

  • clsVideoContentScrapper.py (Main class to extract the transcript from the YouTube videos & then answer the questions based on the topics selected by the users.)


#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 27-May-2023 ####
#### Modified On 28-May-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling ####
#### python class that will invoke the ####
#### LangChain of package to extract ####
#### the transcript from the YouTube videos & ####
#### then answer the questions based on the ####
#### topics selected by the users. ####
#### ####
#####################################################
from langchain.document_loaders import YoutubeLoader
from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
from langchain.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.chains import LLMChain
from langchain.prompts.chat import (
ChatPromptTemplate,
SystemMessagePromptTemplate,
HumanMessagePromptTemplate,
)
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
import clsTemplate as ct
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import os
###############################################
### Global Section ###
###############################################
open_ai_Key = cf.conf['OPEN_AI_KEY']
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = open_ai_Key
embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=open_ai_Key)
YouTube_Key = cf.conf['YOUTUBE_KEY']
youtube = build('youtube', 'v3', developerKey=YouTube_Key)
# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
import warnings
warnings.warn = warn
###############################################
### End of Global Section ###
###############################################
class clsVideoContentScrapper:
def __init__(self):
self.model_name = cf.conf['MODEL_NAME']
self.temp_val = cf.conf['TEMP_VAL']
self.max_cnt = int(cf.conf['MAX_CNT'])
def createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl(self, video_url):
try:
loader = YoutubeLoader.from_youtube_url(video_url)
transcript = loader.load()
text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=100)
docs = text_splitter.split_documents(transcript)
db = FAISS.from_documents(docs, embeddings)
return db
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
return ''
def getResponseFromQuery(self, db, query, k=4):
try:
"""
gpt-3.5-turbo can handle up to 4097 tokens. Setting the chunksize to 1000 and k to 4 maximizes
the number of tokens to analyze.
"""
mod_name = self.model_name
temp_val = self.temp_val
docs = db.similarity_search(query, k=k)
docs_page_content = " ".join([d.page_content for d in docs])
chat = ChatOpenAI(model_name=mod_name, temperature=temp_val)
# Template to use for the system message prompt
template = ct.templateVal_1
system_message_prompt = SystemMessagePromptTemplate.from_template(template)
# Human question prompt
human_template = "Answer the following question: {question}"
human_message_prompt = HumanMessagePromptTemplate.from_template(human_template)
chat_prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages(
[system_message_prompt, human_message_prompt]
)
chain = LLMChain(llm=chat, prompt=chat_prompt)
response = chain.run(question=query, docs=docs_page_content)
response = response.replace("\n", "")
return response, docs
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
return '', ''
def topFiveURLFromYouTube(self, service, **kwargs):
try:
video_urls = []
channel_list = []
results = service.search().list(**kwargs).execute()
for item in results['items']:
print("Title: ", item['snippet']['title'])
print("Description: ", item['snippet']['description'])
channel = item['snippet']['channelId']
print("Channel Id: ", channel)
# Fetch the channel name using the channel ID
channel_response = service.channels().list(part='snippet',id=item['snippet']['channelId']).execute()
channel_title = channel_response['items'][0]['snippet']['title']
print("Channel Title: ", channel_title)
channel_list.append(channel_title)
print("Video Id: ", item['id']['videoId'])
vidURL = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=&quot; + item['id']['videoId']
print("Video URL: " + vidURL)
video_urls.append(vidURL)
print("\n")
return video_urls, channel_list
except Exception as e:
video_urls = []
channel_list = []
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
return video_urls, channel_list
def extractContentInText(self, topic, query):
try:
discussedTopic = []
strKeyText = ''
cnt = 0
max_cnt = self.max_cnt
urlList, channelList = self.topFiveURLFromYouTube(youtube, q=topic, part='id,snippet',maxResults=max_cnt,type='video')
print('Returned List: ')
print(urlList)
print()
for video_url in urlList:
print('Processing Video: ')
print(video_url)
db = self.createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl(video_url)
response, docs = self.getResponseFromQuery(db, query)
if len(response) > 0:
strKeyText = 'As per the topic discussed in ' + channelList[cnt] + ', '
discussedTopic.append(strKeyText + response)
cnt += 1
return discussedTopic
except Exception as e:
discussedTopic = []
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
return discussedTopic

Let us understand the key methods step by step in detail –

def topFiveURLFromYouTube(self, service, **kwargs):
    try:
        video_urls = []
        channel_list = []
        results = service.search().list(**kwargs).execute()

        for item in results['items']:
            print("Title: ", item['snippet']['title'])
            print("Description: ", item['snippet']['description'])
            channel = item['snippet']['channelId']
            print("Channel Id: ", channel)

            # Fetch the channel name using the channel ID
            channel_response = service.channels().list(part='snippet',id=item['snippet']['channelId']).execute()
            channel_title = channel_response['items'][0]['snippet']['title']
            print("Channel Title: ", channel_title)
            channel_list.append(channel_title)

            print("Video Id: ", item['id']['videoId'])
            vidURL = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=" + item['id']['videoId']
            print("Video URL: " + vidURL)
            video_urls.append(vidURL)
            print("\n")

        return video_urls, channel_list

    except Exception as e:
        video_urls = []
        channel_list = []
        x = str(e)
        print('Error: ', x)

        return video_urls, channel_list

The above code will fetch the most relevant YouTube URLs & bind them into a list along with the channel names & then share the lists with the main functions.

def createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl(self, video_url):
    try:
        loader = YoutubeLoader.from_youtube_url(video_url)
        transcript = loader.load()

        text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=100)
        docs = text_splitter.split_documents(transcript)

        db = FAISS.from_documents(docs, embeddings)
        return db

    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        print('Error: ', x)
        return ''

The provided Python code defines a function createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl which appears to create a database of text documents from the transcript of a YouTube video. Here’s the explanation in simple English:

  1. The function createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl has defined with one argument: video_url.
  2. The function uses a try-except block to handle any potential exceptions or errors that may occur.
  3. Inside the try block, the following steps are going to perform:
  • First, it creates a YoutubeLoader object from the provided video_url. This object is likely responsible for interacting with the YouTube video specified by the URL.
  • The loader object then loads the transcript of the video. This object is the text version of everything spoken in the video.
  • It then creates a RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter object with a specified chunk_size of 1000 and chunk_overlap of 100. This object may split the transcript into smaller chunks (documents) of text for easier processing or analysis. Each piece will be around 1000 characters long, and there will overlap of 100 characters between consecutive chunks.
  • The split_documents method of the text_splitter object will split the transcript into smaller documents. These documents are stored in the docs variable.
  • The FAISS.from_documents method is then called with docs and embeddings as arguments to create a FAISS (Facebook AI Similarity Search) index. This index is a database used for efficient similarity search and clustering of high-dimensional vectors, which in this case, are the embeddings of the documents. The FAISS index is stored in the db variable.
  • Finally, the db variable is returned, representing the created database from the video transcript.

4. If an exception occurs during the execution of the try block, the code execution moves to the except block:

  • Here, it first converts the exception e to a string x.
  • Then it prints an error message.
  • Finally, it returns an empty string as an indication of the error.

def getResponseFromQuery(self, db, query, k=4):
      try:
          """
          gpt-3.5-turbo can handle up to 4097 tokens. Setting the chunksize to 1000 and k to 4 maximizes
          the number of tokens to analyze.
          """

          mod_name = self.model_name
          temp_val = self.temp_val

          docs = db.similarity_search(query, k=k)
          docs_page_content = " ".join([d.page_content for d in docs])

          chat = ChatOpenAI(model_name=mod_name, temperature=temp_val)

          # Template to use for the system message prompt
          template = ct.templateVal_1

          system_message_prompt = SystemMessagePromptTemplate.from_template(template)

          # Human question prompt
          human_template = "Answer the following question: {question}"
          human_message_prompt = HumanMessagePromptTemplate.from_template(human_template)

          chat_prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages(
              [system_message_prompt, human_message_prompt]
          )

          chain = LLMChain(llm=chat, prompt=chat_prompt)

          response = chain.run(question=query, docs=docs_page_content)
          response = response.replace("\n", "")
          return response, docs

      except Exception as e:
          x = str(e)
          print('Error: ', x)

          return '', ''

The Python function getResponseFromQuery is designed to search a given database (db) for a specific query and then generate a response using a language model (possibly GPT-3.5-turbo). The answer is based on the content found and the particular question. Here is a simple English summary:

  1. The function getResponseFromQuery takes three parameters: db, query, and k. The k parameter is optional and defaults to 4 if not provided. db is the database to search, the query is the question or prompts to analyze, and k is the number of similar items to return.
  2. The function initiates a try-except block for handling any errors that might occur.
  3. Inside the try block:
  • The function retrieves the model name and temperature value from the instance of the class this function is a part of.
  • The function then searches the db database for documents similar to the query and saves these in docs.
  • It concatenates the content of the returned documents into a single string docs_page_content.
  • It creates a ChatOpenAI object with the model name and temperature value.
  • It creates a system message prompt from a predefined template.
  • It creates a human message prompt, which is the query.
  • It combines these two prompts to form a chat prompt.
  • An LLMChain object is then created using the ChatOpenAI object and the chat prompt.
  • This LLMChain object is used to generate a response to the query using the content of the documents found in the database. The answer is then formatted by replacing all newline characters with empty strings.
  • Finally, the function returns this response along with the original documents.
  1. If any error occurs during these operations, the function goes to the except block where:
  • The error message is printed.
  • The function returns two empty strings to indicate an error occurred, and no response or documents could be produced.

def extractContentInText(self, topic, query):
    try:
        discussedTopic = []
        strKeyText = ''
        cnt = 0
        max_cnt = self.max_cnt

        urlList, channelList = self.topFiveURLFromYouTube(youtube, q=topic, part='id,snippet',maxResults=max_cnt,type='video')
        print('Returned List: ')
        print(urlList)
        print()

        for video_url in urlList:
            print('Processing Video: ')
            print(video_url)
            db = self.createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl(video_url)

            response, docs = self.getResponseFromQuery(db, query)

            if len(response) > 0:
                strKeyText = 'As per the topic discussed in ' + channelList[cnt] + ', '
                discussedTopic.append(strKeyText + response)

            cnt += 1

        return discussedTopic
    except Exception as e:
        discussedTopic = []
        x = str(e)
        print('Error: ', x)

        return discussedTopic

This Python function, extractContentInText, is aimed to extract relevant content from the transcripts of top YouTube videos on a specific topic and generate responses to a given query. Here’s a simple English translation:

  1. The function extractContentInText is defined with topic and query as parameters.
  2. It begins with a try-except block to catch and handle any possible exceptions.
  3. In the try block:
  • It initializes several variables: an empty list discussedTopic to store the extracted information, an empty string strKeyText to keep specific parts of the content, a counter cnt initialized at 0, and max_cnt retrieved from the self-object to specify the maximum number of YouTube videos to consider.
  • It calls the topFiveURLFromYouTube function (defined previously) to get the URLs of the top videos on the given topic from YouTube. It also retrieves the list of channel names associated with these videos.
  • It prints the returned list of URLs.
  • Then, it starts a loop over each URL in the urlList.
    • For each URL, it prints the URL, then creates a database from the transcript of the YouTube video using the function createDBFromYoutubeVideoUrl.
    • It then uses the getResponseFromQuery function to get a response to the query based on the content of the database.
    • If the length of the response is greater than 0 (meaning there is a response), it forms a string strKeyText to indicate the channel that the topic was discussed on and then appends the answer to this string. This entire string is then added to the discussedTopic list.
    • It increments the counter cnt by one after each iteration.
    • Finally, it returns the discussedTopic list, which now contains relevant content extracted from the videos.
  1. If any error occurs during these operations, the function goes into the except block:
  • It first resets discussedTopic to an empty list.
  • Then it converts the exception e to a string and prints the error message.
  • Lastly, it returns the empty discussedTopic list, indicating that no content could be extracted due to the error.
  • testLangChain.py (Main Python script to extract the transcript from the YouTube videos & then answer the questions based on the topics selected by the users.)


#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 27-May-2023 ####
#### Modified On 28-May-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling ####
#### python script that will invoke the ####
#### clsVideoContentScrapper class to extract ####
#### the transcript from the YouTube videos. ####
#### ####
#####################################################
import clsL as cl
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import datetime
import textwrap
import clsVideoContentScrapper as cvsc
# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
import warnings
warnings.warn = warn
######################################
### Get your global values ####
######################################
debug_ind = 'Y'
# Initiating Logging Instances
clog = cl.clsL()
data_path = cf.conf['DATA_PATH']
data_file_name = cf.conf['FILE_NAME']
cVCScrapper = cvsc.clsVideoContentScrapper()
######################################
#### Global Flag ########
######################################
def main():
try:
var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('*'*120)
print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
print('*'*120)
#query = "What are they saying about Microsoft?"
print('Please share your topic!')
inputTopic = input('User: ')
print('Please ask your questions?')
inputQry = input('User: ')
print()
retList = cVCScrapper.extractContentInText(inputTopic, inputQry)
cnt = 0
for discussedTopic in retList:
finText = str(cnt + 1) + ') ' + discussedTopic
print()
print(textwrap.fill(finText, width=150))
cnt += 1
r1 = len(retList)
if r1 > 0:
print()
print('Successfully Scrapped!')
else:
print()
print('Failed to Scrappe!')
print('*'*120)
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('End Time: ' + str(var1))
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Please find the key snippet –

def main():
    try:
        var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
        print('*'*120)
        print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
        print('*'*120)

        #query = "What are they saying about Microsoft?"
        print('Please share your topic!')
        inputTopic = input('User: ')
        print('Please ask your questions?')
        inputQry = input('User: ')
        print()

        retList = cVCScrapper.extractContentInText(inputTopic, inputQry)
        cnt = 0

        for discussedTopic in retList:
            finText = str(cnt + 1) + ') ' + discussedTopic
            print()
            print(textwrap.fill(finText, width=150))

            cnt += 1

        r1 = len(retList)

        if r1 > 0:
            print()
            print('Successfully Scrapped!')
        else:
            print()
            print('Failed to Scrappe!')

        print('*'*120)
        var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
        print('End Time: ' + str(var1))

    except Exception as e:
        x = str(e)
        print('Error: ', x)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

The above main application will capture the topics from the user & then will give the user a chance to ask specific questions on the topics, invoking the main class to extract the transcript from YouTube & then feed it as a source using ChainLang & finally deliver the response. If there is no response, then it will skip the overall options.

USAGE & COST FACTOR:

Please find the OpenAI usage –

Please find the YouTube API usage –


So, finally, we’ve done it.

I know that this post is relatively bigger than my earlier post. But, I think, you can get all the details once you go through it.

You will get the complete codebase in the following GitHub link.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse. Please share & subscribe to my post & let me know your feedback.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Note: All the data & scenarios posted here are representational data & scenarios & available over the internet & for educational purposes only. Some of the images (except my photo) we’ve used are available over the net. We don’t claim ownership of these images. There is always room for improvement & especially in the prediction quality. Sample video taken from Santrel Media & you would find the link over here.

Demonstration of GPT-3 model tuning using Python for an upcoming PyPi-package

Today, I’m very excited to demonstrate an effortless & new way to fine-tune the GPT-3 model using Python with the help of my new build (unpublished) PyPi package. In this post, I plan to deal with the custom website link as a response from this website depending upon the user queries with the help of the OpenAI-based tuned model.

In this post, I’ve directly subscribed to OpenAI & I’m not using OpenAI from Azure. However, I’ll explore that in the future as well.

Before I explain the process to invoke this new library, why not view the demo first & then discuss it?

Demo

Isn’t it exciting? Finally, we can efficiently handle your custom website URL using OpenAI tuned model.


What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is an advanced artificial intelligence language model developed by OpenAI based on the GPT-4 architecture. As an AI model, it is designed to understand and generate human-like text-based on the input it receives. ChatGPT can engage in various tasks, such as answering questions, providing recommendations, creating content, and simulating conversation. While it is highly advanced and versatile, it’s important to note that ChatGPT’s knowledge is limited to the data it was trained on, with a cutoff date of September 2021.

When to tune GPT model?

Tuning a GPT or any AI model might be necessary for various reasons. Here are some common scenarios when you should consider adjusting or fine-tuning a GPT model:

  1. Domain-specific knowledge: If you need your model to have a deeper understanding of a specific domain or industry, you can fine-tune it with domain-specific data to improve its performance.
  2. New or updated data: If new or updated information is not part of the original training data, you should fine-tune the model to ensure it has the most accurate and up-to-date knowledge.
  3. Customization: If you require the model to have a specific style, tone, or focus, you can fine-tune it with data that reflects those characteristics.
  4. Ethical or safety considerations: To make the model safer and more aligned with human values, you should fine-tune it to reduce biased or harmful outputs.
  5. Improve performance: If the base model’s performance is unsatisfactory for a particular task or application, you can fine-tune it on a dataset more relevant to the job, often leading to better results.

Remember that tuning or fine-tuning a GPT model requires access to appropriate data and computational resources and an understanding of the model’s architecture and training techniques. Additionally, monitoring and evaluating the model’s performance after fine-tuning is essential to ensure that the desired improvements have been achieved.


FLOW OF EVENTS:

Let us look at the flow diagram as it captures the sequence of events that unfold as part of the process.

The initial Python-based client interacts with the tuned OpenAI models. This process enables it to get a precise response with custom data in a very convenient way. So that anyone can understand.


SOURCE DATA:

Let us understand how to feed the source data as it will deal with your website URL link.

The first data that we are going to talk about is the one that contains the hyperlink. Let us explore the sample here.

From the above diagram, one can easily understand that the application will interpret a unique hash number associated with a specific URL. This data will be used to look up the URL after the OpenAI response from the tuned model as a result of any user query.

Now, let us understand the actual source data.

If we closely check, we’ll see the source file contains two columns – prompt & completion. And the website reference is put inside the curly braces as shown – “{Hash Code that represents your URL}.”

During the response, the newly created library replaces the hash value with the correct URL after the successful lookup & presents the complete answer.

CODE:

Why don’t we go through the code made accessible due to this new library for this particular use case?

  • clsConfigClient.py (This is the main calling Python script for the input parameters.)


################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 15-May-2020 ####
#### Modified On: 21-Feb-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This script is a config ####
#### file, contains all the keys for ####
#### OpenAI fine-tune projects. ####
#### ####
################################################
import os
import platform as pl
class clsConfigClient(object):
Curr_Path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
os_det = pl.system()
if os_det == "Windows":
sep = '\\'
else:
sep = '/'
conf = {
'APP_ID': 1,
'ARCH_DIR': Curr_Path + sep + 'arch' + sep,
'PROFILE_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'profile' + sep,
'LOG_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'log' + sep,
'DATA_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'data' + sep,
'TEMP_PATH': Curr_Path + sep + 'temp' + sep,
'MODEL_DIR': 'model',
'APP_DESC_1': 'ChatGPT Training!',
'DEBUG_IND': 'N',
'INIT_PATH': Curr_Path,
'FILE_NAME': '2023-4-14-WP.csv',
'LKP_FILE_NAME': 'HyperDetails.csv',
'TEMP_FILE_NAME': 'chatGPTData.jsonl',
'TITLE': "GPT-3 Training!",
'PATH' : Curr_Path,
'OUT_DIR': 'data',
'OPEN_API_KEY': 'sk-hdhrujfrkfjfjfjfhjfjfisososT&jsdgL6KIxx',
'MODEL_CD':'davinci',
'URL': 'https://api.openai.com/v1/fine-tunes/&#39;,
'EPOCH': 10,
'SUFFIX': 'py-saty',
'EXIT_KEYWORD': 'bye'
}

Some of the important entries that will require later are as follows –

'FILE_NAME': '2023-4-14-WP.csv',
'LKP_FILE_NAME': 'HyperDetails.csv',
'OPEN_API_KEY': 'sk-hdhrujfrkfjfjfjfhjfjfisososT&jsdgL6KIxx',
'MODEL_CD':'davinci',
'URL': 'https://api.openai.com/v1/fine-tunes/',
'EXIT_KEYWORD': 'bye'

We’ll discuss these entries later.

  • trainChatGPTModel.py (This is the main calling Python script that will invoke the newly created fine-tune GPT-3 enabler.)


#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 12-Feb-2023 ####
#### Modified On 16-Feb-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling ####
#### python script that will invoke the ####
#### newly created fine-tune GPT-3 enabler. ####
#### ####
#####################################################
import pandas as p
import clsL as cl
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import datetime
import clsTrainModel3 as tm
# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
import warnings
warnings.warn = warn
######################################
### Get your global values ####
######################################
debug_ind = 'Y'
#tModel = tm.clsTrainModel()
tModel = tm.clsTrainModel3()
# Initiating Logging Instances
clog = cl.clsL()
data_path = cf.conf['DATA_PATH']
data_file_name = cf.conf['FILE_NAME']
######################################
#### Global Flag ########
######################################
######################################
### Wrapper functions to invoke ###
### the desired class from newly ###
### built class. ###
######################################
######################################
### End of wrapper functions. ###
######################################
def main():
try:
var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('*'*120)
print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
print('*'*120)
FullFileName = data_path + data_file_name
r1 = tModel.trainModel(FullFileName)
if r1 == 0:
print('Successfully Trained!')
else:
print('Failed to Train!')
#clog.logr(OutPutFileName, debug_ind, df, subdir)
print('*'*120)
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('End Time: ' + str(var1))
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Following are the key snippet from the above script –

data_path = cf.conf['DATA_PATH']
data_file_name = cf.conf['FILE_NAME']

And, then –

tModel = tm.clsTrainModel3()
FullFileName = data_path + data_file_name
r1 = tModel.trainModel(FullFileName)

As one can see, the package needs only the source data file to fine-tune GPT-3 model.

  • checkFineTuneChatGPTModelStat.py (This is the main Python script that will check the status of the tuned process that will happen inside the OpenAI-cloud environment.)


#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 12-Feb-2023 ####
#### Modified On 16-Feb-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling ####
#### python script that will invoke the ####
#### newly created fine-tune job status inside ####
#### the OpenAI environment. ####
#####################################################
import clsL as cl
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import datetime
import clsTestModel3 as tm
# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
import warnings
warnings.warn = warn
######################################
### Get your global values ####
######################################
debug_ind = 'Y'
# Initiating Logging Instances
clog = cl.clsL()
tmodel = tm.clsTestModel3()
url_part = cf.conf['URL']
open_api_key = cf.conf['OPEN_API_KEY']
######################################
#### Global Flag ########
######################################
def main():
try:
var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('*'*120)
print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
print('*'*120)
# Example usage
input_text = str(input("Please provide the fine tune Id (Start with ft-*): "))
url = url_part + input_text
print('URL: ', url)
r1 = tmodel.checkStat(url, open_api_key)
if r1 == 0:
print('Successfully checked the status of tuned GPT-3 model.')
else:
print('Failed to check the status of the tuned GPT-3 model.')
print('*'*120)
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('End Time: ' + str(var1))
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

To check the status of the fine-tuned job inside the OpenAI environment, one needs to provide the fine tune id, which generally starts with -> “ft-*.” One would get this value after the train script’s successful run.

Some of the other key snippets are –

tmodel = tm.clsTestModel3()

url_part = cf.conf['URL']
open_api_key = cf.conf['OPEN_API_KEY']

And, then –

input_text = str(input("Please provide the fine tune Id (Start with ft-*): "))
url = url_part + input_text
print('URL: ', url)

r1 = tmodel.checkStat(url, open_api_key)

The above snippet is self-explanatory as one is passing the fine tune id along with the OpenAI API key.

  • testChatGPTModel.py (This is the main testing Python script that will invoke the newly created fine-tune GPT-3 enabler to get a response with custom data.)


#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 12-Feb-2023 ####
#### Modified On 19-Apr-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling ####
#### python script that will invoke the ####
#### newly created class that will test the ####
#### tuned model output. ####
#####################################################
import clsL as cl
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import datetime
import pandas as p
import clsTestModel3 as tm
# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
import warnings
warnings.warn = warn
######################################
### Get your global values ####
######################################
debug_ind = 'Y'
# Initiating Logging Instances
clog = cl.clsL()
tmodel = tm.clsTestModel3()
open_api_key = cf.conf['OPEN_API_KEY']
lkpDataPath = cf.conf['DATA_PATH']
lkpFileName = cf.conf['LKP_FILE_NAME']
######################################
#### Global Flag ########
######################################
def main():
try:
var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('*' * 120)
print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
print('*' * 120)
LookUpFileName = lkpDataPath + lkpFileName
r1 = tmodel.testModel(LookUpFileName, open_api_key)
if r1 == 0:
print('Successfully tested the tuned GPT-3 model.')
else:
print('Failed to test the tuned GPT-3 model.')
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('End Time: ' + str(var1))
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Some of the key entries from the above snippet are as follows –

tmodel = tm.clsTestModel3()

open_api_key = cf.conf['OPEN_API_KEY']
lkpDataPath = cf.conf['DATA_PATH']
lkpFileName = cf.conf['LKP_FILE_NAME']

And, then –

LookUpFileName = lkpDataPath + lkpFileName
r1 = tmodel.testModel(LookUpFileName, open_api_key)

In the above lines, the application gets the correct URL value from the look file we’ve prepared for this specific use case.

  • deleteChatGPTModel.py (This is the main Python script that will delete the old intended tuned model, which is no longer needed.)


#####################################################
#### Written By: SATYAKI DE ####
#### Written On: 12-Feb-2023 ####
#### Modified On 21-Feb-2023 ####
#### ####
#### Objective: This is the main calling ####
#### python script that will invoke the ####
#### newly created delete model methods for ####
#### OpenAI. ####
#####################################################
import clsL as cl
from clsConfigClient import clsConfigClient as cf
import datetime
import clsTestModel3 as tm
# Disbling Warning
def warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
import warnings
warnings.warn = warn
######################################
### Get your global values ####
######################################
debug_ind = 'Y'
# Initiating Logging Instances
clog = cl.clsL()
tmodel = tm.clsTestModel3()
open_api_key = cf.conf['OPEN_API_KEY']
######################################
#### Global Flag ########
######################################
def main():
try:
var = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('*' * 120)
print('Start Time: ' + str(var))
print('*' * 120)
r1 = tmodel.delOldModel(open_api_key)
if r1 == 0:
print('Successfully checked the status of tuned GPT-3 model.')
else:
print('Failed to check the status of the tuned GPT-3 model.')
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
print('End Time: ' + str(var1))
except Exception as e:
x = str(e)
print('Error: ', x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Some of the key snippets from the above scripts are –

tmodel = tm.clsTestModel3()

open_api_key = cf.conf['OPEN_API_KEY']

And, then –

r1 = tmodel.delOldModel(open_api_key)

We’ve demonstrated that using a straightforward method, one can delete any old tuned model from OpenAI that is no longer required.

KEY FEATURES TO CONSIDER DURING TUNING:

  • Data quality: Ensure that the data used for fine-tuning is clean, relevant, and representative of the domain you want the model to understand. Check for biases, inconsistencies, and errors in the dataset.
  • Overfitting: Be cautious of overfitting, which occurs when the model performs exceptionally well on the training data but poorly on unseen data. You can address overfitting by using regularization techniques, early stopping, or cross-validation.
  • Model size and resource requirements: GPT models can be resource-intensive. Be mindful of the hardware limitations and computational resources available when selecting the model size and the time and cost associated with training.
  • Hyperparameter tuning: Select appropriate hyperparameters for your fine-tuning processes, such as learning rate, batch size, and the number of epochs. Experiment with different combinations to achieve the best results without overfitting.
  • Evaluation metrics: Choose suitable evaluation metrics to assess the performance of your fine-tuned model. Consider using multiple metrics to understand your model’s performance comprehensively.
  • Ethical considerations: Be aware of potential biases in your dataset and how the model’s predictions might impact users. Address ethical concerns during the fine-tuning process and consider using techniques such as data augmentation or adversarial training to mitigate these biases.
  • Monitoring and maintenance: Continuously monitor the model’s performance after deployment, and be prepared to re-tune or update it as needed. Regular maintenance ensures that the model remains relevant and accurate.
  • Documentation: Document your tuning process, including the data used, model architecture, hyperparameters, and evaluation metrics. This factor will facilitate easier collaboration, replication, and model maintenance.
  • Cost: OpenAI fine-tuning can be extremely expensive, even for a small volume of data. Hence, organization-wise, one needs to be extremely careful while using this feature.

COST FACTOR:

Before we discuss the actual spending, let us understand the tested data volume to train & tune the model.

So, we’re talking about a total size of 500 KB (at max). And, we did 10 epochs during the training as you can see from the config file mentioned above.

So, it is pretty expensive. Use it wisely.


So, finally, we’ve done it.

I know that this post is relatively bigger than my earlier post. But, I think, you can get all the details once you go through it.

You will get the complete codebase in the following GitHub link.

I’ll bring some more exciting topics in the coming days from the Python verse. Please share & subscribe to my post & let me know your feedback.

Till then, Happy Avenging! 🙂

Note: All the data & scenarios posted here are representational data & scenarios & available over the internet & for educational purposes only. Some of the images (except my photo) we’ve used are available over the net. We don’t claim ownership of these images. There is always room for improvement & especially in the prediction quality.